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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wilson Gorman Tariff Act
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1894; modest duty reductions, coal, iron ore, wool, & sugar; ended Mckinley tariffs' reciprocity agreements w/ other countries; some duties higher than ever before
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Billion Dollar Congress
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Republican controlled; passed record # of laws; helped shape later policy; asserted the authority of fed govt
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US v EC Knight
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1895; supreme court said EC Knight Company MANUFACTURED sugar & was therefore not subject to the Sherman Antitrust act
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Mckinley Tariff Act
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passed by Republican congress; raised tariff duties about 4 %; higher than ever before
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James G Blaine
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Republican nominee in 1884; defeated by Grover Cleveland
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Interstate Commerce Act
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1887; spurred by the Wabash decision; created interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
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Sherman Silver Purchase Act
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attempt to resolve conrtoversy over silver coinage; US treasury purchase 4.5 million oz of silver each month & issue legal tender for it (treasury notes) pleased both opponents & proponents of silver; no free coinage; bought up most of the nation's silver production
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Greenback Labor Party
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Founded in 1874; wanted to keep wartime paper money in circulation, believed floating currency would provide relief to debtors & impoverished farmers by increasing $ supply; popular in west & expansion minded manufacturers
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Ocala Demands
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1890 Florida; organization's main platform: creation of subtreasury system-store crops until best price; free coinage of silver; end protective tariff/national bank; federal income tax; election of senators by voters; tighter regulation of railroads
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Pullman Strike
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may 1894; Pullman Palace Car Company near Chicago; protest wage cuts; high rents for company housing; and layoffs; ARU joined in June (eugene VDebs) 27 states and territories paralyzed west nation; Cleveland-injunction obstructed mail, sent federal troops to enforce it
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In Re Debs
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1895; supreme court upheld Grover Cleveland's use of the injunction that broke up the Pullman strike
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Gold Standard Act
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passed by congress 1900; declared gold the nation's standard of currency; meaning all currency in circulation had to be redeemable in gold-remained until 1933
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Homestead Act
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1862; granting 160 acres of land to anyone who paid a $10 fee & pledged to live on & cultivate it for 5 yrs-fraud-encourage migration to west; between 1862-1900 nearly 60,000 families
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ICC
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Interstate Commerce Commission- 1887- Congress-investigate & oversee railroad activities; outlawed rebates & pooling agreements
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Bland Allison Silver Purchase Act
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partial coinage of silver; add to currency & helps farmers & workers; few other major countries accepted silver coinage; Hayes vetoed it in 1878; congress overrode veto
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Pendleton Act
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Congress 1883 ( Pres Arthur); lessen involvement of politicians in govt; bi partisan civil service commission-competitive exams for civil service jobs/ merit-outlawed forcing political contributions from appointed officials
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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1890 Congress; 1st to deal w/ big business- illegal= "contract, combination, trust, conspiracy, restraint of trade/commerce" fines/dissolutions were punishments
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Minor v Happerset
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1875; supreme court upheld the power of states to deny voting rights to women
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Poll Tax
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voters pay annual tax for the right to vote
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Williams v Mississippi
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1898; supreme court upheld literary tests which excluded poor & black voters
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Literacy Tests
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read & interpret Fed constitution to the satisfaction of white officials in order to vote
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Grandfather Clause
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vote if fathers & grandfathers voted before 1867- (no blacks voted then)
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Munn v Illinois
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1877; supreme court upheld Illinois legislation on RR= public highways- maximum rates established
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Wabash Decision
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1886; states can not regulate commerce extending beyond their borders
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Romanticism vs Realism
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Romanticism- character "larger than life"; ending is happy; literary language; history/legend
Realism- ordinary characters; ending may be unhappy; ordinary speech/dialect; recent/contemporary life |
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Silverites
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16 to 1; 16 oz of silver to 1 oz of gold; free coinage of silver; more $ to be printed; many in the west; easier debt payments
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Coin's Financial School
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pamohlet in 1893; helped popularize free silver & populist movements; "coin" William Hope Harvey
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National Farmers Alliance & Industrial Union
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1876; Goals: end effects of crop lien system; promote higher commodity prices through collective action by groups of individual farmers; strongest in south; destroyed by power of commodity brokers; precursor to Populist Party
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Industrial Black Friday
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may 5, 1893; railroad & industrial stocks plummeted & several major companies went bankrupt
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Panic of 1893;
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debate over US monetary policy; led to an economic crisis; silver dollar = less then 58cents; companies & banks went bankrupt & closed; various stocks plummeted
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Populist Party
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1887; based among poor white cotton farmers in the south & hard pressed wheat farmers in the plains states; hostility to banks & railroads; anti-elitist
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Coxey's Army
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1894; a protest march by unemployed workers led by poulist Jacob Coxey; marched on Washington DC to protest unemployment & seek the govt to supply relief & sign the Coxey Good Roads Bill
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Cross Of Gold Speech
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William Jennings Bryan (1896) ; economic populism; democratic; standardize the value of the dollar to silver; make debt payments easier
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Williams Jennings Bryan
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"The Great Commoner" ; democratic; 3x pres candidate; enemy of gold, banks, railroads; leader of silverite movement; very speech happy
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