Vocab From Ch 1-3 Of Listening To Music

Front 1

How do you become a good listener?

Back 1

Focusly soley on music,
Improve Your Memory,
Grasp the Important Sounds

Front 2

Russian Five

Back 2

Musorgsky and 4 other young composers

Front 3

Orchestration

Back 3

Music conceived at the keyboard is allocated to the various instruments of the orchestra

Front 4

Tempo

Back 4

Speed at which the beat of a piece is to proceed

Front 5

Solo

Back 5

One performer plays by him/herself

Front 6

Ostinato

Back 6

Rhythm, melody, or harmony that repeats over and over

Front 7

Pianissimo

Back 7

Music is played very softly

Front 8

Crescendo

Back 8

A gradual increase in the volume of sound

Front 9

Fortissimo

Back 9

Played very loudly

Front 10

Diminuendo

Back 10

A gradual reduction of the volume of sound

Front 11

Unison

Back 11

When instruments play together on one pitch

Front 12

Mute

Back 12

A mechanical device placed on or into an instrument to soften sound

Front 13

Rhythm

Back 13

Is the organization of time in music

Front 14

Beat

Back 14

An even pulse that divides the passing of time into equal segments

Front 15

Measure

Back 15

A group of beats

Front 16

Meter

Back 16

The gathering of beats into regular groups

Front 17

Upbeat

Back 17

Beat signaled by an upward motion, less accented

Front 18

Downbeat

Back 18

Its the first and strongest beat in the measure, accented

Front 19

Accent

Back 19

Musical stress

Front 20

Syncopation

Back 20

Places the accent either on a weak beat or between the beats

Front 21

Melody

Back 21

A series of notes arranged in order to form a recognizable unit

Front 22

Pitch

Back 22

The relative position, high, or low, of a musical sound

Front 23

Allegro

Back 23

Fast

Front 24

Accelerando

Back 24

Getting faster

Front 25

Ritardando

Back 25

Getting slower

Front 26

Rubato

Back 26

Performer is given license to steal some additional time for the passage of music in question and thus slow it down

Front 27

Grave

Back 27

Very Slow

Front 28

Lento

Back 28

Slow

Front 29

Tone

Back 29

Sound coming in regular vibration

Front 30

Octave

Back 30

Tone that sounds like an exact duplication of an earlier pitch, but at a higher or lower pitch

Front 31

Staff

Back 31

The gridwork of lines and spaces

Front 32

Clef Sign

Back 32

Indicates the range of pitch in which the melody is to be played

Front 33

Treble Clef

Back 33

Designates the upper range and is appropriate for high instruments

Front 34

Bass Clef

Back 34

Covers the lower range and is used for lower instruments

Front 35

Great Staff

Back 35

The combination of clefs

Front 36

Sharp

Back 36

Raises the note to the key immediately above, usually a black one

Front 37

Flat

Back 37

Lowers the note to the next key, usually a black

Front 38

Natural

Back 38

Cancels either of the signs

Front 39

Tonality

Back 39

The organization of music around the central tone

Front 40

Tonic

Back 40

Central pitch in which the melody gravitates around

Front 41

Key

Back 41

A tonal center built on a tonic note and making use of a scale

Front 42

Scale

Back 42

An arrangement of pitches that ascends and descends in a fixed and unvarying pattern

Front 43

Major Scale

Back 43

1-1-.5-1-1-1-.5
Sounds "happy"

Front 44

Minor Scale

Back 44

1-.5-1-1-.5-1-1
Sounds "sad"

Front 45

Key Signature

Back 45

Preplaced sharps or flats

Front 46

Modulation

Back 46

The change from one key to another

Front 47

Diatonic Melodies

Back 47

Written in eitehr the major or minor scale and use only seven notes of each

Front 48

Chromatic

Back 48

A scale using all twelve notes within the octave

Front 49

Step

Back 49

Melody moves from one letter name of the scale to the next

Front 50

Leap

Back 50

Melody jumps one or more letter names

Front 51

Conjunct

Back 51

Melodies that move predominatantly by step

Front 52

Disjunct

Back 52

Melodies that move mainly by leap

Front 53

Phrase

Back 53

Constitures a dependent idea within a melody

Front 54

Metronome

Back 54

A mechanical device used by performers to keep a steady tempo

Front 55

Fermata

Back 55

A mark that indicating that the performers should hold a note or chord for an extended duration

Front 56

Mode

Back 56

Change from a major key to a minor and vice versa

Front 57

Cadence, half & full

Back 57

The concluding part of a musical phrase
Half - music does not sound final
Full - music sounds complete

Front 58

Motives

Back 58

A short, distinctive melodic figure that stands by itself

Front 59

Harmony

Back 59

The peaceful cohabitation of diverse elements

Front 60

Chords

Back 60

A group of two or more pitches that sound at the same time

Front 61

Triad

Back 61

Basic chord in the music. Consists of three pitches arranged in a very specific way

Front 62

Interval

Back 62

The distance between each of the notes

Front 63

Dominant

Back 63

Always built on the 5th note of the scale

Front 64

Subdominant

Back 64

Built on the note below the dominant, and it frequently moves to the dominant

Front 65

Chord Progression

Back 65

A movement of chords in a purposeful fashion

Front 66

Dissonance

Back 66

Pitches sounding disagreeable and unstable

Front 67

Consonance

Back 67

Pitches sounding agreeable and stable

Front 68

Arpeggio

Back 68

Broken, staggered triad

Front 69

Tabla

Back 69

Pair of tuned drum

Front 70

Raga

Back 70

Basic pattern of pitches

Front 71

Color

Back 71

The tone quality of any sound produced by a voice or an instrument

Front 72

Timbre

Back 72

Another term for the tone quality of musical sound

Front 73

Soprano & Alto

Back 73

Woman's vocal parts
Soprano is the highest

Front 74

Tenor & Bass

Back 74

Men's vocal parts
Bass is the lowest

Front 75

Chorus

Back 75

Many voices joined together

Front 76

Vibrato

Back 76

Shaking the left hand as it stops the string, produces a sort of contolled wobble in the pitch

Front 77

Pizzicato

Back 77

Performer plucks the strings

Front 78

Tremolo

Back 78

Creates a musical "tremor" by rapidly repeating the same pitch with quick up and down strokes of the bow

Front 79

Trill

Back 79

Performer rapidly alternated btwn two distinctly seperate but neighboring pitches

Front 80

Glissando

Back 80

Rapid run up and down the string of a harp

Front 81

Sforzando

Back 81

A sudden, loud attack on one note or chord

Front 82

Texture

Back 82

The density and dispostion of the musical lines that make up a musical composition

Front 83

Monophony

Back 83

There is only a single line of music with no accompaniment

Front 84

Polyphony

Back 84

Requires two or more lines in the musical fabric

Front 85

Counterpoint

Back 85

The harmonious opposition of two or more independent musical lines

Front 86

Canon

Back 86

Copies exactly what the first part plays

Front 87

Homophony

Back 87

"same sounding". Voices move to new pitches at roughly the same time

Front 88

Repetition

Back 88

Establishes the most obvious formal units

Front 89

Contrast

Back 89

Takes us away from the familiar and into the unknown

Front 90

Variation

Back 90

Stands midway btwn repetition and contrast. Original melody returns but is altered in some way

Front 91

Theme and Variations

Back 91

The music of the first stanza is altered in some way each time it returns

Front 92

Ternary form

Back 92

Consists of three sections.

Front 93

Rondo form

Back 93

A refrain alternates with contrasting music