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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cultural diffusion
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when a society changed because it was exposed to a different way of doing things when interacted with another culture
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Foraging societies
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(hunter-gatherer clans) composed of small groups of people who traveled from point to point as the climate and availability of plants and animals dictated
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Pastoral societies
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characterized by the domestication of animals
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egalitarian
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Affirming, promoting, or characterized by belief in equal political, economic, social, and civil rights for all people.
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Neolithic Revolution or Agricultural Revolution
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groups of people that moved from nomadic lifestyles to agricultural lifestyles and town and city life
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individual labor
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a person who gets really good at a particular task because they don't have to worry about food
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Bronze Age
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when people began to mix tin and copper to produce bronze (a harder metal)
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city-states
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made up of an urban center and the agricultural land around it under its control
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Mesopotamia
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"land between the rivers" (Tigris and Euphrates)
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Sumerian civilization
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the first major civilization that rose in the southern part of Mesopotamia
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cuneiform
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the Sumerian's form of writing
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polytheistic
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worshiping more than one god
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ziggurats
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Sumerian temples, shaped liek pyramids to appease their gods
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Akkad
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after the Sumerian states declined, the city of Akkad, north of Sumer, rose to dominate the region
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Babylon
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1700 B.C.E- Akkad was overrun by the Babylons
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Code of Hammurabi
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King Hammurabi expanded his idea of code of laws that dealt with every part of daily life
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Hittites
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overthrew the Kassites who had invaded Babylon; learned how to use iron in weapons
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Assyrians
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learned to use iron, after the Hittites used them to defeat them
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Nineveh
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the Assyrians capital
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Nebuchadnezzar
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Chaldean king that rebuilt Babylon, overthrown by the Persian empire
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Great Long Road
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the longest of the Persian long roads to improve communication and transportation, stretched some 1,600 miles from the Persian Gulf to the Aegean Sea
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Lydians
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came up with the concept of using coined money in trade rather than the barter system (goods exchanged for goods)
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Phoenicians
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established powerful naval city-states all along the Mediterranean and developed a simple alphabet
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Hebrews
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important because of religious beliefs called Judaism; they were the first Jews; monotheistic
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Egyptian
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civilization developed along the Nile River; three kingdoms (Old, Middle, New)
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King Menes
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Egypt united by him, built his capital at Memphis, led efforts to manage floods
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pharaohs
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Egyptian rulers
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hieroglyphics
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Egyptian writing system
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Queen Hatshepsut
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first female ruler in history, ruled for 22 years during New kingdom
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Indus Valley
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a civilization built along the banks of a river system, Indus River
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Khyber Pass
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a road through the Hindu Kush mountains provided the Indus Valley people a connection to the outside world and was used by merchants on trade excursions
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Harappa
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one of Indus Valley's major cities, home to 100,000 people
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Mohenjo-Daro
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one of Indus Valley's major cities, home to 100,000 people
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Aryans
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nomadic tribes from the north of the Caucasus Mountains
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Hinduism
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what comes from the evolution of the Aryan beliefs
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caste system
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indian social structure
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Brahmans
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priest class
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Shang China
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civilization that rose in Hwang Ho River Valley
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patriarchal
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a household that is led by the eldest male
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Zhou Dynasty
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ousted the Shang because of Wu Wang around 1100 BCE
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Mandate of Heaven
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when heaven grants the Zhou power only as long as its rulers governed justly and wisely
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bureaucracies
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a way of organizing government tasks by department
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bureau
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so that different parts of the government could specialize and stabilize
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Bantu
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family of languages
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Bantu Migrations
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people migrating in Africa to spread languages
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Jenne-Jeno
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the first city in sub- Saharan Africa
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Olmec
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early civilization in America, now Mexico, from 1200 - 1400 B.C.E
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Chavin
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early civilization in America in the Andes, from 900 - 300 B.C.E
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Tikal
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the most important Mayan political center, may have populated more than 100,000 people
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Chichen Itza
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tiered temple; similar in design to the Egyptian pyramids and Mesopotamian ziggurats
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Mauryan Empire
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a kingdom founded by Chandragupta, spanning from the Indus River Valley eastward through the Ganges River Valley and southward through the Deccan Plateau
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Chandragupta Maurya
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unified the smaller Aryan kingdoms into the Mauryan Empire
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Ashoka Maurya
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Chandragupta's grandson who would take the empire to its greatest heights
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Buddhism
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a religion that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama
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Rock and Pillar Edicts
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edicts carved on rocks and pillars throughout the empire that reminded Mauryans to live generous and righteous lives
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Chandra Gupta
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he saved the Mauryan Empire from its brief decline which was named the Gupta Empire
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Gupta Empire
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a more decentralized and smaller than its predecessor, it is often referred to as a golden age
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Arabic numerals
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a decimal system that used the numerals 1- 9
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Qin Dynasty
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(221 - 209 B.C.E) was extremely short; Great Wall of China
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Qin Shihuangdi
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first emperor that recentralized feudal systems, standardized many things
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