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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nez Perce Tribe
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lived in pacific N west, warmly welcomed Lewis & Clark in 1805; but rebelled against govt policy
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Chief Joseph
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humanitarian & peacemaker resistance to removal to a reservation in idaho chief of a band of Nez Perce, led tribe 75 days in hopes of reaching Canada
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Assimilation
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making Indians abide by & practice white culture and make them join white society
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Court of Indian offenses
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1882 Congress; try Native Americans who broke govt rules, answerable in regular courts
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extermination of the Buffalo
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final blow to tribal life, settlers found they could harm Indians by killing them, they were killed by the millions...
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Buffalo Bill Cody
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turned romantic folklore into a profitable business, wild west show ran for more than 30 yrs; professional hunter, killed millions of Buffalo.
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Turners Thesis
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asserted the existence of frontier & settlement shaped American character rise to individualism, independence, self confidence, fostered spirit of invention& adaption; later modified_ pointing out environmental & other consequences of frontier settlement role of federal govt in peopling west & clash of races & cultures on frontier
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Bonanza farms
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huge farms covering thousands of acres on the Great Plains, in relying on large size & new machinery, they represented a development in agriculture similar to that taking place in industry
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Dry Farming
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technique developed to allow farming in arid parts of west where settlers had to deal with less rainfall than east of mississippi; furrows were plowed a foot or so deep & filled with a dust mulch to loosen soil & slow evaporation
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exodusters
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group of about 6 thousand african americans who left the south in 1879 seeking freer lives in kansas where they worked as farmers or laborers
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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1882- excluded chinese immigrant workers for 10 yrs & denied US citizenship to Chinese nationals living in US; 1st exclusionary law that was aimed at at specific racial group
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comstock lode
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1859 near Virginia city nevada, ore deposit richest discovery in mining history, named after TP comstock a drifter who talked his way into partnership in the claim between 1859-1879 deposit produced silver & gold worth more than $306 million
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placer mining
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required little technology tor skill included using a shovel & a washing pan to separate gold from the ore in streams and riverbeds; early phase, small groups or individuals
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"instant cities"
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capitalist; gold rush folk; usually port cities and such; EX: San Fran
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"hydraulic" society
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refers to the need&creation of irrigation techniques and developments to gain more water in west
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national reclamation act
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1902- this legislation set aside majority of proceeds from sale of public land in 16 western states to fun irrigation projects in the arid states
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homestead act of 1862
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gratning 190 acres of land to anyone who paid a $10 fee & pledged to live on & cultivate land for 5 yrs. ggod deal of fraud, encouraged large migration to west between 1862-1900 nearly 600,000 families claimed homesteads under its provisions
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overland trail
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route taken by thousands of travelers from the mississippi valley to the pacific coast in the last half of the 19th century; difficult, took 6 months or more
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gold rush of 1849
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individual prospectors made 1st gold strikes along sierra nevada mtns in 1849 touching off a mining boom helped shape the development of west & set the pattern for subsequent strikes in other regions
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dawes severalty act
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1887 aimed at breaking up traditional indian life by promoting individual land ownership divided tribal lands into small plots distributed among member of each tribe provisions made for indian education & eventual citizenship led to corruption exploitation & weakening of native american tribal culture
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wounded knee masscare
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december 1890 troopers of 7th calvary under orders to stop ghost dance religion among sioux took chief big foot & follower to a camp on wounded knee creek in S Dakota uncertain who fired 1st shot, violence ensued and approx 200 native american men women children were killeed
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ghost dance
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religious movement in late 19th century under wavoka involved a set of dances & rites its followers believed would cause white men to disappear & restore lands to native americans; outlawed by US govt
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wavoka
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paiute indian prophet leader of ghost dance religion
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national grange
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oliver h. kelly 1867
sought to relieve drabness of farmlife by providing a social,educational, & cultural outlet for its members, set up grain elevators cooperative stores, warehouses,insurance companies, & farm machinery factories, banned govt. involvement supported roailroad regulation & other measures |
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romualdo pacheco
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aristocratic native son served as governor of california & went on to congress
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foreign miners tax
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1850 california
charged $20 monthly licensing fee, as intended drove out mexicans & others |
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vaqueros
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mexican counterparts of american cowboys
developed techniques of branding, roundups, & roping |
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wyoming stock growers association
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largest & most formidable association to enforce rancher laws, 400 members- 2 million cattle, often law of the land
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timber & stone act of 1878
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only applied to lands "unfit for cultivation" & valuable chiefly for timber or stone cali nevada oregon wash but up to 160 acres for 2.50 an acre ; false claims were filed
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timber culture act of 1873
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attempted to adjust homestead act to west; allowed homesteaders to claim 160 acres if trees planted on 1/4 w/i 4 yrs; distibuted 10 million acres, encouraged needed forestation & enabled homesteaders to expand farms to a workable size
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las gorras blancas
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"the white caps" group in S west 1880s&1890s believed in mexican reclamation of land taken by anglo farmers; used intimidation & raids to accomplish goals
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"crowd nobody"
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encouraging people to make farms in the free west where they would crowd nobody, starve nobody, bother nobody
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"indian country"
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before civil war land west of mississippi; "one big reservation" eastern tribes moved there with treaty guarantees; 1834- indian intercourse act prohibited whites
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great plains
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treeless, nearly flat, an endless "sea of grassy hillocks" extending from the mississippi river to the rocky mtns
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chivington massacre
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colorado militia attacked sleeping indians clubbed stabbed scalped colonel John M Chivington
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fetterman massacre
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red cloud; determined to stop boseman trail ambushed & killed 82 soldiers under fetterman
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red cloud
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war leader of sioux indians renowned as warrior thought of by US as overall leader won red clouds was powder river country in NW wyoming & S Montana
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7th calvary
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regiment in the army w/custer at little big horn; participated in wounded knee massacre
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crazy horse
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great indian war chief
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george armstrong custer
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very eager for victory at little big horn, made some mistakes in organization& placement; he & his men were killed
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red river war
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1874 remove comanche, kiowa, southern cheyenne & arapaho tribes from s plains & enforce relocation to reservations US military won; virtual extinction of southern herd of buffalo
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sitting bull
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famous indian medicine man
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buffalo soldiers
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african american soldiers in the west 1st the 10th calvary for going against cheyennes, than all
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