Vocab For Biology 9 And 10

Front 1

vaccine

Back 1

substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce immunity

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virulent

Back 2

referreing to the deadliness of a disease-causing agent

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transformation

Back 3

the transfer of genetic materisl from one organism to another; first observed by griffith

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bacteriophage

Back 4

virus that infects bacteria

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double helix

Back 5

spiral-staircase structure charcteristic of the DNA molecule

Front 6

nucleotide

Back 6

subunit of nucleic acids consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

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deoxyribose

Back 7

five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA

Front 8

base-pairing rules

Back 8

the rule stating that DNA adenine on one strand of always pairs with a thymine on the oppisite strand and guinine on one strand always pairs with a cytosine on the oppisite strand

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complementary

Back 9

charchteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other

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DNA replication

Back 10

the process of making a copy of DNA

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DNA helicase

Back 11

enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases during DNA replication

Front 12

replication fork

Back 12

a Y-shaped point that results when a double helix of DNA separates so that it can be copied

Front 13

DNA polymerase

Back 13

enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA by adding complementary nucleotides

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ribonucleic acid

Back 14

a type of nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis

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uracil

Back 15

nirogen-containing base of RNA, complementary to adenine when RNA base paris with DNA

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transcription

Back 16

stage of protein synthesis in which the information in DNA for making a protein is transferred to an RNA molecule

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translation

Back 17

stage of gene expression in ehich the information in mRNA is used to make protein

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gene exprssion

Back 18

two-stage processing of information encoded in DNA to produce preoteins

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RNA polymearse

Back 19

enzyme that adds and links complementary RNA nucleotides during transcription

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messanger RNA

Back 20

RNA copy of a gene used as a blueprint for the making of a protein during translation

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codon

Back 21

a three-nucleotide sequence in DNA or mRNA that incodes an amino acid or signifies a stop signal

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genetic code

Back 22

sequence of nucleotides that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein

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transfer RNA

Back 23

RNA molecule that temporarily carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome during translation

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anticodon

Back 24

a three-nucleotide sequence of tRNA that recognizes a complementary codon on mRNA

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ribosomal RNA

Back 25

type of RNA molecule that plays a structural role in ribosomes

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operator

Back 26

region of DNA that controls RNA polymearse's access to a set of genes with related functions

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operon

Back 27

segment of DNA that controls gene regulation in a set of genes with related functions in prokaryotes

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lac operon

Back 28

gene system with a promoter, an operator gene, and three structural genes that control lactose metabolism

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repressor

Back 29

protein that binds to the operator in an operon to switch off transcription

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intron

Back 30

segment of mRNA transcribed from eukaryotic DNA but removed before translation of mRNA into a protein

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intron

Back 31

segement of mRNA transcribed from eukaryotic DNA but removed before translation of mRNA into a protein

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exon

Back 32

sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated

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point mutation

Back 33

mutation in which one or just a few nucleotides in a gene are changed