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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actinides
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The 14 elements from thorium through lawrencium
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Alkali metals
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The elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium in Group 1A
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Alkaline earth metals
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the elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium in group 2A
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Atomic radii
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half of the diameter of an atom; the distance from the atomic nucleus to the outermost atom
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aufbau principle
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electrons in an atom are added so that orbitals of lowest energy are filled first
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core electrons
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the electrons in an atom's completed set of shells that are internal to the outer valence electrons
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d-block elements
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transition elements whose occurrence in the periodic table coincides with the filling of the d orbitals
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effective nuclear charge (Z*)
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the net charge experienced by a particular electron in a multi electron atom, which results from a balance of attractive force of the nucleus and the repulsive forces of other electrons
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electron affinity (EA)
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the energy that is released when a neutral atom in the gas phase gains an extra electron to form a negatively charged anion
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ground state
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the state of an atom in which all electrons are in the lowest possible energy level
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groups
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the vertical columns of elements in the period table
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halogens
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the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine in group 7A
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Hund's Rule
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the most stable arrangement of electrons is that with the maximum number of unpaired electrons, all with the same spin direction
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ionization energy (IE)
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The energy required to remove one or more electrons from a neutral atom in the gas phase to form a positively charged cation
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isoelectronic
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a set of atoms and ions that have different numbers of protons, but they all have the same number of electrons, and thus the same electron configuration
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Lanthanides
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the 14 elements from cerium through lutecium (Ce-Lu)
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Main group elements
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the elements in groups 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, and 8A in the periodic table
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monatomic ion
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an ion consisting of one atom bearing an electrical charge
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noble gas notation
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an abbreviated form of spdf notation that replaces the completed electron shells with the symbol of the corresponding noble gas in brackets
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noble gases
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the elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon in Group 8A
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Orbital box diagram
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a notation for the electron configuration of an atom in which each orbital is shown as a box, and the number and spin direction of the electrons are shown by arrows
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p-block elements
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elements with an outer electron shell configuration of ns^2 np^x
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pauli exclusion principle
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no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
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periods
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the horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table of the elements
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quantum numbers
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a set of numbers with integer values that define the properties of an atomic orbital
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s-block elements
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elements with the valence electron configuration of ns^1 or ns^2
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spdf notation
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a notation for the electron configuration of an atom in which the number of electrons assigned to a subshell is shown as a superscript after the subshell's symbol
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transition elements
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the elements scandium through zinc, and those that lie directly below them in the periodic table
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valance electrons
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the outermost and most reactive electrons in the highest energy level of an atom
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