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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Codons
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set of three (3) consecutive nitrogenous bases
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2. mRNA
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messenger RNA (a working copy of DNA) that is read by the ribosome in order to place the amino acids of a protein in the correct sequence.
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3. tRNA
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transfer RNA that brings individual amino acids to the ribosome for the formation of the protein (polypeptide).
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4. Amino acids
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molecules that are the building blocks of protein
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5. Proteins
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complex molecule with a 3-dimensional shape/structure that is the primary building block for all cellular life.
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6. Genes
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a section of DNA that codes for something in particular. (e.g. there is a gene that codes for the presence or absence of a widow’s peak. That gene is likely composed of many codons, which are each composed of 3 nitrogenous bases).
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7. Chromosomes
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a single, continuous, strand of DNA that contains many genes
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8. Alleles
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different versions of the same gene (codes for the same thing, but in a different way)
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9. Traits
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physical characteristics of an organism
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10. Phenotype
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the sum of the physically expressed genes of an organism; what you are able to physically observe.
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11. Genotype
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the sum of the genetics of an organism; the genetic makeup of an organism.
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12. Dominant
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an allele that when present is always phenotypically expressed; hides the expression of another allele.
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13. Recessive
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an allele that is only phenotypically expressed when not in the presence of any dominant alleles; those whose expression can be masked.
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14. Heterozygous
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genotypically having two different alleles of the same gene.
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15. Homozygous
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genotypically having two identical alleles for the same gene.
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