Vocab 7-9

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English 4 Vocab Unit 7 1. abeyanceNoun–A state of being temporarily inactive, suspended or set asideSyn: deferment, postponement, suspension2. ambivalentAdj–Having opposite and conflicting feelings about someone or somethingSyn: equivocal, ambiguous, of two mindsAnt: unequivocal, unambiguous, clear-cut 3. beleaguerVerb–To set upon from all sides–To surround with an armySyn: besiege, pester, encircle 4. carte blancheNoun–Full freedom or authority to act at one’s own discretionSyn: free rein, blank check 5. cataclysmNoun–A sudden, violent, or devastating upheavalSyn: disaster, catastrophe 6. debauchVerb—To corrupt morally, seduce;Noun—an act or occasion of dissipation or viceSyn: (v.) carouse, (n) spree, orgyAnt: (v.) elevate, uplift, purify, inspire 7. éclat ( a kla’)Noun–Dazzling or conspicuous success or acclaimSyn: celebrityAnt: dullness 8. fastidiousAdj–Overly demanding or hard to please; excessively careful in regard to details; easily disgustedSyn: meticulous, finicky, precise, exacting, finickyAnt: untidy, slovenly, careless, sloppy, messy 9. gambolVerb–To jump or skip about playfullySyn: romp, caper, frolic, cavortAnt: trudge, plod, lumber 10. imbueVerb–To soak or stain thoroughly; to fill the mindSyn: infuse, inculcate, instillAnt: expunge, erase, remove, eradicate, erase 11. inchoateAdj–Just beginning; not fully shaped or formedSyn: embryonic, rudimentary, incipientAnt: mature, developed, complete 12. lampoonNoun: A malicious satireVerb: to satirize, ridicule–Syn: (n) burlesque; (v) parody--Ant: (n) compliment, flattery, homage 13. malleableAdj–Capable of being formed into different shapesSyn: pliable, impressionable, adaptableAnt: rigid, intractable, unyielding, inflexible 14. nemesisNoun–An agent or force inflicting vengeance or punishment; retribution itself; an unbeatable rivalSyn: avenger, comeuppanceAnt: ally, patron, guardian angel 15. optVerb–To make a choice or decisionSyn: choose, select, decide 16. philistineAdj: Lacking in, hostile to, or smugly indifferent to cultural and artistic values or refinementsNoun: such a personSyn: (adj.) boorish, lowbrow (n) yahooAnt: (adj) refined, cultivated (n) esthete, highbrow 17. picaresqueAdj–Involving or characteristic of clever rogues or adventurersSyn: rakish, roguish, rascally 18. queasyAdj–Nauseated or uneasy; causing nausea or uneasiness; troubledSyn: unsettledAnt: calm, untroubled, confident 19. refractoryAdj–Stubborn; hard or difficult to manage; not responsive to treatment or cureSyn: unruly, disobedient, willful, mulishAnt: docile, tractable, dutiful, obedient 20. savoir-faireNoun–The ability to say and do the right thing in any situation; social competenceSyn: tact, finesse, suavity, sophisticationAnt: tactlessness, gaucherie, boorishness

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aberration n A departure from what is proper, right, expected, or normal; a lapse from a sound mental state Syn: deviation, anomaly, irregularity Ad hoc Adj Adv For this specific purpose; improvised With respect to this Syn: (adj) makeshift Ant: (adj) permanent, long-standing bane n The source or cause of fatal injury, death, destruction, or ruin; death or ruin itself; poison Syn: spoiler Ant: blessing, comfort, solace, balm bathos n The intrusion of commonplace or trite material into a context whose tone is lofty or elevated; grossly insincere or exaggerated sentimentality; the lowest phase, nadir, anticlimax, comedown Syn: mawkishness, mush, schmaltz cantankerous adj Ill-tempered; quarrelsome; difficult to get along or deal with Syn: cranky, testy, peevish, irascible, ornery Ant: good-natured, sweet-tempered, genial casuistry n The determination of right and wrong in questions of conduct or conscience by the application of general ethical principles; specious argument Syn: sophistry, quibbling De facto Adj Adv Actually existing or in effect, although not legally required or sanctioned In reality or actually Syn: in actuality, in point of fact Ant: de jure, by right depredation n The act of preying upon or plundering Syn: looting, pillage, outrage empathy n A sympathetic understanding of or identification with the feelings, thought, or attitudes of someone of something else Syn: sympathy, compassion Ant: insensitivity, callousness, detachment harbinger N V A forerunner, herald To herald the approach of Syn: (n) precursor; (v) to herald the approach of hedonism n The belief that the attainment of pleasure is life’s chief aim; devotion to or pursuit of pleasure Syn: pleasure seeking, sensuality, sybaritism Ant: asceticism, Puritanism, self-denial lackluster adj Lacking brilliance or vitality; dull Syn: vapid, insipid, drab, flat Ant: brilliant, radiant, dazzling malcontent Adj n Discontent with or in open defiance of prevailing conditions Such a person who is discontent with the situation Syn: (adj) dissatisfied, disgruntled; (n) grumbler Ant: (adj) satisfied, contented, complacent, smug mellifluous adj Flowing sweetly or smoothly; honeyed Syn: euphonious, musical Ant: shrill, strident, harsh, grating nepotism n Undue favoritism to or excessive patronage of one’s relatives pander V n To cater to or provide satisfaction for the low tastes or vices of others A person who caters or provides satisfaction for other’s low tastes or vices Syn: (v) indulge (n) pimp, procurer peccadillo n A minor sin or offense; a trifling fault or shortcoming Syn: indiscretion Ant: felony, mortal sin, enormity, atrocity Piece de resistance n The principal dish of a meal; the principal event, incident, or item; an outstanding accomplishment Syn: centerpiece, chef d’oeuvre Ant: preliminary, hors d’oeuvre remand v To send or order back; in law, to rend back to jail or to a lower court Syn: remit, return Ant: forward to, send on, release syndrome n A group of symptoms or signs that collectively characterize or indicate a disease, disorder, abnormality Syn: complex, pattern English 4 Vocab. Unit 9 beautitude (n.) A state of perfect happiness or blessedness Syn.: bliss, rapture Ant.: misery, despair bete noire (n.) Someone or something that one especially dislikes, dreads, or avoids Syn.: pet peeve, bugbear, nemesis Ant.: pet, idol bode (v.) To be an omen of; to indicate by signs Syn.: presage, augur, foreshadow dank (adj.) unpleasantly damp or wet Syn.: clammy, moist, soggy Ant.: dry, arid, parched, desiccated ecumenical (adj.) worldwide or universal in influence or application Syn.: general, comprehensive Ant.: parochial, regional, insular fervid (adj.) burning with enthusiasm or zeal; extremely heated Syn.: ardent, zealous, fervent, earnest Ant.: apathetic, indifferent, cool, blasé fetid (adj.) having an unpleasant or offensive odor Syn.: smell, putrid, noisome, foul, malodorous Ant.: fragrant, aromatic, perfumed, sweet gargantuan (adj.) of immense size, volume, or capacity; enormous Syn.: huge, colossal, mammoth, gigantic Ant.: tiny, minuscule, infinitesimal, dwarfish heyday (n.) the period of greatest power, vigor, success, or influence; the prime years Syn.: golden age Ant.: formative years, twilight years, decline incubus (n.) a demon or evil spirit supposed to haunt human beings in their bedrooms at night; anything that oppresses or weighs upon one, like a nightmare Syn.: hobgoblin, millstone, burden infrastructure (n.) a basic foundation or framework; a system of public works; the resources and facilities required for an activity; permanent military installation Syn.: base, basis, underpinning Ant.: superstructure inveigle (v.) to entice, lure, or snare by flattery or artful inducements; to obtain or acquire by artifice Syn.: induce, beguile, cajole, wheedle kudos (n.) the acclaim, prestige, or renown that comes as a result of some action or achievement Syn.: glory, praise, accolades Ant.: boos, disapproval, condemnation lagniappe (n.) an extra or unexpected gift or gratuity Syn.: bonus prolix (adj.) long-winded and wordy; tending to speak or write in such a way Syn.: verbose, garrulous Ant.: terse, laconic, succinct, pithy protégé (n.) someone whose welfare, training, or career is under the patronage or an influential person; someone under the jurisdiction of a foreign country or government Syn.: ward, charge, disciple, trainee Ant.: sponsor, mentor, benefactor prototype (n.) an original pattern or model; a primitive or ancestral form Syn.: archetype Ant.: copy, imitation sychophant (n.) someone who attempts to win favors or advance himself or herself by flattery or servile behavior; a slanderer, defamer Syn.: yes-man, toady, flunky, bootlicker (“kiss-up”, “brown-noser”) tautology (n.) needless repetition or an idea by using different but equivalent words; a redundancy (i.e. the traumatic experience was traumatizing; or “wet water”) Syn.: pleonasm truckle (v.) to yield or submit tamely or submissively Syn.: kowtow, stoop, grovel Ant.: resist, defy, stand up to ?