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Formal Elements

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The basic vocabulary of art-line, form, shape, volume, mass, color, texture, space, time, and motion & value

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2 Dimensional

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Having height and width, but no depth;flat

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Outline

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The outermost line of an object or figure, by which it is defined or bounded

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Regular lines

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Crisp, clear cut lines

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Irregular lines

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Sketchy, varying in width

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Actual line

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Visible, unbroken line

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Implied Line

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Broken line/objects used to give appearance of lines.

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Directional Line

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Directs the eye to content we're supposed to see

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Communicative Line

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Vertical for growth, horizontal for rest, diagonal for action

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Geometric shape

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Actual shapes

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Organic shapes

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Things of nature

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Implied shape

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Similar to implied line

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Contrast

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Juxtapose unlike elements

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Concentric

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Identical shapes stacked inside each other sharing the same center

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Shape

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2D boundaries of which are defined by lines or changes in value or color

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Form

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An object that can be defined in 3D (height, width, depth)

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Scale

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The size of an object or artwork relative to another object or artwork, or to a system of measurement

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Volume

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The space filled or enclosed by a 3D object

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Mass

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A volume that has, or gives, the illusion of having weight, density, and bulk.

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Abstract

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Art imagery that deports from recognizable images from the natural world

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Relief

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a raised form on a largely flat background, for example the design on a coin

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Stela

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Upright stone slab decorated with inscriptions on pictoral relief carvings.

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Focal Point

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The center of interest or activity in a work of art, often drawing the viewers attention to the most important element

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Axis

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An imaginary line showing the center of a shape volume or composition

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Negative space

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An empty space given shape by its surroundings

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Surrealist

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An artist belonging to the surrealist movement in the 1920s and later, whose art was inspired by dreams and the subconscious.

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Value

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The lightness or darkness of a plane or area

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Style

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A characteristic was in which an artist or group of artists uses visual language to give work an identifiable form of visual expression

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Chiaroscuro

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Italian for "light and dark" a method of applying value to a 2D piece of artwork to create the illusion of a 3D solid form

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Emphasis

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The principle of drawing attention to a particular content in a work

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Medium

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The material on or from which an artists chooses to make a work of art

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Rhythm

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The regular or ordered repetition of elements in the work

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Atmospheric Perspective

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the farther away something is, the duller and more faded it appears due to air not being completely clear like we all believe

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Isometric perspective

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Birdseye view (popular in videogames)

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Vanishing Point

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The point in a work of art at which imaginary lines appear to converge, suggesting depth

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Orthogonals

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In perspective systems; imaginary sightlines extending from forms to the vanishing point

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Momento Mori

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An image meant to be a symbolic reminder of ones mortality

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Fresco

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A technique where the artist paints onto freshly applied plaster, from the Italian fresco.

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Multipoint Perspective

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The points actually meet

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Mark Rothko

Magenta, Black and Green on Orange

1949

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Raphael

Madonna of the Goldfinch

1506

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Auguste Renoir

Madame Charpentier and her Children

1878

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Francisco Goya

Third of May

1808

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Vincent Van Gogh

The Bedroom

1889

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Shepard Fairey

Obey

1996

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M.C. Escher

Sky and Water 1

1938

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Great Pyramid of Khufu

Giza, Egypt

2560 BCE

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Imperial Procession

from the Pacis Augustae of Rome, Italy

13 BCE

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Nam June Paik

TV Buddha

1974

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Meret Oppenheim

Object

1936

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Frank Gehry

Guggenheim Museum

Bilbao, Spain

1997

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Rene Magritte

The Treachery of Images

1929

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Caravaggio

The Calling of St. Matthew

c.1600

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Katsushika Hokusai

The Great Wave
1826-1833

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Raphael

The School of Athens

1510

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Mark Tansey

Picasso and Braque

1992

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Frederic Church

Twilight in the Wilderness

1860

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Georges Seurat

The Circus

1890-91

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Mary Cassatt

The Boating Party

1893-94

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Paul Gauguin

The Yellow Christ

1889

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Gianlorenzo Bernini

Apollo and Daphne

1622-24

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Jenny Holzer

Untitled

1989

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Alexander Calder

Untitled

1976

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Dorothea Lange

Migrant Mother

1936