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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 main roles companion animals play in human's lives?
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physical, emotional, social, cognitive
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What do pets contribute physically to their humans?
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increased exercise, sensory stimulation, decreased blood pressure, the comfort of touch, diversion from pain
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What do pets contribute emotionally to their humans?
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pets give unconditional love and attention and allows for spontaneous expression of emotion. This reduces loneliness, decreases anxiety and provides relaxation and fun
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What do pets contribute socially to their humans?
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opportunity to socialize with another being, or with other people about our animal, reducing boredom and monotony
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What do pets contribute cognitively to their humans?
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exercise long and short term memory, higher skills of organization
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What 3 types of relationships are seen between pets and their owners?
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object orientated, exploitive and dependency/need
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What does "Object Orientated" mean?
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animal bought as novelty or given as gift or is extension of owner's ego
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What are the problems seen with the "Object Orientated" relationship?
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brought to pound due to behaviour problems, animals bored, animals have little exercise, owners want quick-fix with no involvement, behaviourist is last stop before euthanasia, often euthanized and replaced, owner doesn't recognize their role
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Define an "Exploitive" relationship
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Animals trained or kept for human use.
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Give examples of Exploitive situations
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Military and guard dogs, research animals, show/breeding animals, food producing animals, hunting dogs, suicide dogs, guide dogs
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What problem is seen in the Exploitive relationship?
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There is a variation in the degree or closeness of the bond and it is dependent upon whether the animal is used as solely utilitarian
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Define the Dependency/Need relationship
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Where the pet satisfies a psychological need of the owner.
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What are examples of the Dependency/Need relationship?
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Substitute for a child (childless couples) or spouse (elderly).
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What problems can be found in the Dependency/Need relationship?
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Excessive dependencies can lead to problems if animal is dominant and aggressive or if owner is overly attached.
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What does an animal provide in a health pet-owner relationship?
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companionship, protection, sense of important (boost to self-esteem), physical affection, topic of conversation
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What is the problem with an unfavourable dependency?
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Animal's needs are not being met or animal is abused (e.g. owner of 100 cats)
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What is the problem with psychological dependency?
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Excessive dependency can isolate the owner from other humans. (e.g. often reflected in severe grief and depression when animal dies)
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Give examples where unfavourable dependencies are most often seen
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owner lives alone, pet has quasi-human role (animal is reason to live), elderly, owner has experienced another recent loss, rescued/nursed pet; pet has lived through significant changes in owner's life; outcasts
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What are the 4 clues to a pet's status within the home or owner's life?
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How does the owner address the pet? (do they talk to pet?), Tone of voice used (friendly or stern), How is animal handled? (gently or like an object), Verbalized emotions (I love my dog OR This dog is a pain)
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Define DOMESTICATION
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aka "taming", process of making an animal behaviourally and physically suitable for living in a human environment.
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What is the fundamental distinction between wild and domesticated animals?
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Domestics have been created by human labour, through a process of selection, to meet specific requirements. They have been accustomed to human provision and control.
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Give examples of animals domesticated for food
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cattle, chickens, pigs
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Give examples of animals domesticated for clothing
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sheep, silkworms
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Give examples of animals domesticated for transportation and labour
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camels, donkeys, horses.
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Give examples of animals domesticated for pleasure
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cats, dogs
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How many years ago did domestication of dogs occur?
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12,000 years
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Distinct dog types became apparent when?
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3,000-4,000 years ago
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Distinct dog types became apparent first where?
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Ancient Egypt and western Asia
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What are the 7 periods of Canine Development?
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Neonatal; Transition, Canine Socialization, Human Socialization, Fear Impact, Flight Instinct, Juvenile
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The ___________ the dog, the ______________ it takes to reach maturity
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bigger, longer
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What is the Canine Development Time Period for Neonatal
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0-13 days
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What is the Canine Development Time Period for Transition
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13-21 days
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What is the Canine Development Time Period for Canine Socialization
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3-6 weeks
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What is the Canine Development Time Period for Human Socialization
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7-12 weeks
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What is the Canine Development Time Period for Fear Impact
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8-10 weeks
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What is the Canine Development Time Period for Flight Instinct
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4-8 months
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What is the Canine Development Time Period for Juvenile
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6-14 months
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Many dogs do not mature socially until _____ months
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18
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A dog that has little human contact until ____________ weeks of age rarely becomes a good pet
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14
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Week ____ and ____ individual attention and socialization is imperative
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5, 6
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Dog must be socialized from the age of __ weeks, up until __ weeks.
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3, 14
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Dogs should be brought to a new home between __ - ___ weeks for proper socialization
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7-8
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Dogs not properly socialized before _____ weeks may never be trustworthy.
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14
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If dogs have missed out on early socialization, it is important to what?
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carry out socialization in the home.
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A dog begins adolescence at _____ weeks, which lasts until the dog reaches sexual maturity at about ____ - ____ months.
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14 weeks, 6-15 months
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At ___ to ____ months, a dog may become more protective, start to bark more at strangers, and males begin to lift their legs to urinate.
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14-15 months
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What 4 skills does a dog use in order to try and become leader of the family?
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1. jumping/playing, 2. barking/growling, 3. demanding attention, 4. seeking equal or higher physical level with family members (especially during feeding and rest)
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The leader of a dog pack is called the
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Alpha leader
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Family members should always maintain the
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ALPHA position in the pack
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An ALPHA leader must always do 4 things. What are they?
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1. Choose place of rest. 2. Initiate play and receive affection. 3 Go through doors first. 4. Eat first.
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What are some characteristics that tell you where an ALPHA dog fits in their pack?
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1. always win at tug of war. 2. receive most attention from other dogs. 3 never (or rarely) licks another dog in mouth 4. wins staring contests with other dogs 5. may become jealous when other dogs receive attention from owner. 6. may steal or guard toys and food. 7. usually has the first choice of sleeping area. 8. may push his way to be first in and out of doorways
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What are some characteristics that tell you where an OMEGA dog fits in their pack?
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1. always gives up first at tug of war. 2. gives attention to other dogs by licking mouths. 3. averts gaze by other dogs (looks away when they stare). 4. freely gives up toys, food, sleeping areas to other dogs. 5. rolls on their back. 6. may urinate on meeting other dogs and people
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If an Alpha dog does not feel secure in his position, what happens?
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he will usually exaggerate his position to reassure himself.
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If an Alpha dog does not feel secure in his position, what may happen?
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It may lead to aggression.
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How do you reassure an Alpha dog?
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1. be pet/fed/have treats/let in or out first. 2. first choice of toys and sleeping areas. 3. give toys or chews to the Alpha dog first, then to Omega dog. 4. give attention first to Alpha dog, but do not ignore Omega dog.
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What is the most important thing to ensure pack rules and steer away from behaviour problems?
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Consistency!
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Which are the main ways dogs communicate?
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auditory, visually, olfactory
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what does a dog's bark signify?
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territorial call of dogs
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What does a dog's whine/whimper signify?
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used to solicit care
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What does a dog's howl indicate?
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coordinating pack members
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what does a dog's growl indicate?
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an aggressive warning signal
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what does a dog's moan indicate?
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pleasure or contentment
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What visual signals does a dog use in order to indicate their behaviour?
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body posture with tail position and piloerection, facial expression with lip and ear positioning, eye contact
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What signals should you look for within a dog's body posture to sense what they are communicating?
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placement of head, neck, feet; posture (spinal line); posture and activity of the tail; piloerection (hair activity)
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What signals should you look for within a dog's facial expression to sense what they are communicating?
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position of ears; how the mouth is set, with relative appearance of teeth; set of the eyes and position of the skin around the eyes; size of pupils; position and shape of nostrils
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Dogs have the greatest sense of ____________ of any domestic species.
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smell
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To communicate through smell dogs will use what three things?
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urine (pheromones), feces and anal secretions
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_______________ is the most common form of scent marking
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urine
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Dog can determine through scent the ______________ and _____________ of an individual.
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species and sex
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Female dog marking is used as
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an attractant to males
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Dogs use anal secretions as ________________. They are used during __________________ or ________________.
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Dogs use anal secretions as A GREETING BETWEEN DOGS. They are used during EXCITEMENT or FEAR
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Why do dogs scratch after elimination?
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To disperse the scent of urine or feces, or to spread their scent around (by use of scent pads on feet).
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What are some behaviour problems that disrupt the human animal bond?
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destructiveness, submissive urination, barking, coprophagia, aggression (to owner or other animal) -- and anything seen as a problem to owner
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