Voa Animal Care - Equine

Front 1

First domestication of horses was where and when?

Back 1

Steppes of central Asia between 3000 and 4000

Front 2

What were the first horses kept for?

Back 2

meat and milk

Front 3

The earliest ancestor of the horse was named what?

Back 3

Eohippus

Front 4

What are the 3 primitive types of equine?

Back 4

Forest Horse, Tarpan, Przewalski's Horse

Front 5

What are the characteristics of a Forest Horse?

Back 5

Important ancestor of some modern breeds, lived in oodland northern Europe (galloping speed not important), large hooves to spread weight on wet ground, thick coat for protection

Front 6

What are the characteristics of a Tarpan?

Back 6

Influenced many breeds, evolved in semi-desert conditions in Europe and Asia, fine physique, necessary for traveling long distances in search of food

Front 7

What are the characteristics of Przewalksi's Horse?

Back 7

Only true survivor of the three early types, lived on the steppes of central Asia and Europe, course features and tufted tail

Front 8

Each breed of horse has been "custom made" to meet these 3 specific needs

Back 8

transportation, work, pleasure

Front 9

Give examples of Light Horse breeds

Back 9

American Saddlebred, Appaloosa, Arabian, Hackney Horse, Lipizzan, Morgan, Mustang, Palomino, Pinto/Paint Horse, Quarter Horse, Standardbred, Tennessee Walking Horse, Thoroughbred

Front 10

Give examples of Heavy Horse breeds

Back 10

Brabant, Clydesdale, Dutch Draft, Finnish Draft, Gelderland, Italian Heavy Draft, Polish Draft, Shire

Front 11

Give examples of Pony breeds

Back 11

Caspian, Dartmoor, Fell, Hackney Pony, Highland Pony, Manipuri, Mongolian, Shetland, Tarpan, Welsh Cob, Welsh Mountain

Front 12

Define BARREN

Back 12

mare not in foal

Front 13

Define BROODMARE

Back 13

female used for breeding

Front 14

Define COLT

Back 14

male horse under 3 years of age that has not been gelded

Front 15

Define CRIBBER

Back 15

bad habit, vice, of chewing on wood, some may suck air while grabbing wood with their teeth, known as windsucker

Front 16

Define DAM

Back 16

female parent of a horse

Front 17

Define ERGOT

Back 17

waxy growth at the back of the fetlock, often hidden by tufts of hair

Front 18

Define FILLY

Back 18

female under 3 years of age that has not foaled

Front 19

Define FOAL

Back 19

refers to a horse of either sex, from birth until weaning

Front 20

Define GELDING

Back 20

male castrated horse

Front 21

Define HAND

Back 21

measurement equal to 4 inches used in measuring horses from the withers down

Front 22

Define MAIDEN

Back 22

mare that has never been bred. (racetrack or show ring, a horse male or female, that has not won a race or red ribbon in a recognized show).

Front 23

Define MARE

Back 23

a female horse, 3 years of age or older

Front 24

Define NEARSIDE

Back 24

left side of the horse

Front 25

Define OFFSIDE

Back 25

right side of the horse

Front 26

Define PONY

Back 26

equine that stands under 14.2 hands and weighs less than 900 lbs

Front 27

Define SIRE

Back 27

male parent of a horse

Front 28

Define STALLION

Back 28

male over 3 years of age that has not been castrated

Front 29

Define SUCKLING

Back 29

nursing foal

Front 30

Define WEANLING

Back 30

foal of either sex from the time it is separated from the mare until it is one year old

Front 31

Define YEARLING

Back 31

a colt or filly at least one year old but not reached the beginning of its second year on January 1

Front 32

Give examples of basic equine colours

Back 32

bay, black, brown, bay brown, chestnut, dun, red dun, buckskin, grullo, palomino, sorrell, red roan, blue roan, pinto, piebald, skewbald, tobiano, overo, tovero, apaloosa, white, albino

Front 33

General Markings: Snip

Back 33

any white marking between the nostrils

Front 34

General Markings: Star

Back 34

any white marking on the forehead, even if just a wisp of a few hairs

Front 35

General Markings: Stripe

Back 35

any narrow white marking extending vertically, in the area of the forehead and the nostrils

Front 36

General Markings: Star & Stripe

Back 36

White marking on the forehead, with a strip to the nasal peak

Front 37

General Markings: Star, Stripe, Snip

Back 37

White marks on the forehead with a narrow extension of the nasal peak and opening again between the nostrils. May be continuous, broad, narrow or inclined to one side

Front 38

General Markings: Bald Face

Back 38

Also known as WHITE FACE, has a very broad blaze. Can extend out around the eyes, down to the upper lip and around the nostrils

Front 39

General Markings: Blaze

Back 39

A white vertical marking of medium uniform width, extending the length of the face, usually to the muzzle

Front 40

General Markings: White muzzle

Back 40

White embraces both lips and extends to the region of the nostrils. Note that white may extend under jaw to throat latch area

Front 41

General Markings: Flesh mark

Back 41

Lack of pigmentation (is described as such, NOT as a white mark)

Front 42

General Markings: Lower lip

Back 42

Lower lip may be white should be stated, especially if the white does not extend to the upper lip

Front 43

General Markings: Dorsal stripe

Back 43

Dark marking down the spine – may be black, brown, red or gold. Dorsal strips are seen on duns.

Front 44

General Markings: Zebra stripe

Back 44

Angled stripes on forelegs, possibly over knees and hocks

Front 45

General Markings: Transverse stripe

Back 45

Stripes across withers

Front 46

Limb Markings: Coronet or Coronary Band

Back 46

Narrow white around coronary band above the hoof

Front 47

Limb Markings: Half-pastern

Back 47

White only half the pastern above the coronet

Front 48

Limb Markings: Pastern

Back 48

White entire pastern

Front 49

Limb Markings: Sock

Back 49

White extended up to the fetlock joint

Front 50

Limb Markings: Stocking

Back 50

White extending up the cannon bone

Front 51

Limb Markings: Ermine Marks

Back 51

Black spots in the white coronet - coloured spots in the white coronet should also be recorded

Front 52

Limb Markings: Hooves

Back 52

Stripes of vertical black and white as occasionally seen in Appaloosas and hoof pigment should be recorded

Front 53

Body Markings: Whorls

Back 53

Changing in the hair pattern, present on neck and head of all horses. Whether with markings or without, whorls are important: position must be stated or shown in a diagram or picture. In the U.S., referred to as cowlicks

Front 54

Body Markings: Head

Back 54

Wall eye (lack of pigmentation), Loss of an eye, Dental parrot mouth, Nicked ears, 'Mascara eyes' (dark lines around eyelids, sometimes seen on paints)

Front 55

Body Markings: Coat

Back 55

'Grey ticked' (white hairs sparsely distributed through coat), 'Spots' (Appaloosa colouring), Black marks or spots, 'Leopard' (fairly circular collections of hair differing from general body colour, 'Patches' (well defined irregular areas), Zebra stripes (angled stripes on forelegs, possibly over knees and hocks), Dorsal stripe (also referred to as a list)

Front 56

What are the 5 senses horses rely on for survival?

Back 56

vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste

Front 57

Sight and sound warn of _____________

Back 57

danger

Front 58

Taste and smell identify ________ or __________ food

Back 58

safe, bad

Front 59

What allow the horse to keep informed of what is happening behind it?

Back 59

mobile ears, wide range of vision, flexible neck

Front 60

How does monocular vision help the horse?

Back 60

They see separate pictures with each eye, eyes are set ide apart, developed to help protect horse from predators so it can see danger coming from either side without turning head

Front 61

How does binocular vision help the horse?

Back 61

To judge distances

Front 62

How is binocular vision developed?

Back 62

through training, such as teaching a barrel racing horse to judge the distance to the barrel in order to make a smooth turn around it

Front 63

Describe a horse's field of vision

Back 63

A horses' eyes work independently of each other. Each covers a semicircle. There is a small overlap in front of the face, and a 'blind spot' directly behind.

Front 64

Describe the vision of a horse seeing straight ahead

Back 64

A horse makes little use of stereoscopic vision for judging distances, so a one-eyed horse can still judge distances. A horse loses sight of a fence as it takes off, so it has to trust in its rider knowing that it is safe to jump.

Front 65

Explain how horses use their ears

Back 65

Move each ear independently to pick up sounds. Talking to a horse lets it know you are there and that you are not a threat.

Front 66

Explain how horses Prepare to Flee

Back 66

When a horse hears a sound, such as a dog barking, it lifts its head, looks toward the source, and assesses the significance of the noise. It may not turn its whole body because it would be less able to run away from danger

Front 67

Explain how a horse uses the sense of Touch

Back 67

Horse has well-developed sense of touch. Most sensitive areas are around eyes, ears and nose. Survival depends on seeing, hearing and breathing, so it wants to protect those areas. The whiskers and long hairs around the eyes are important for sensing nearby objects. Other areas sensitive to touch are the mouth, withers, back, ribs, flank & legs

Front 68

How does a horse use the sense of smell?

Back 68

Smell enables a horse to detect undesirable items in its food. This is known as obtaining information. Horses greet friends or identify strangers by touching muzzle to muzzle

Front 69

What is FLEHMEN?

Back 69

a scent analysis action which involves "smelling" with the sensitive membranes inside the lips and nostrils

Front 70

Where is Flehmen usually seen?

Back 70

in sexual activities which detect pheromones, also seen when they come across an unusual smell of feed for the first time

Front 71

A herd of wild horses will include animals of both _____ and all ______

Back 71

sexes, ages

Front 72

Stallions are kept away from both mares and geldings, why?

Back 72

it is natural for stallions to mate with mares and fight with other male horses.

Front 73

Within a group there is a ____________ and each horse is responsible for ____________ those _______ down the order.

Back 73

hierarchy, protecting, lower

Front 74

Explain the behaviour "Safety in Numbers"

Back 74

Horses prefer to be in a group with other horses, even those they do not know.