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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics
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Atropine & Glycopyrrolate
Block receptors for acetylcholine - reverse parasympathetic nervous system. block stimulation of vagus nerve reduce salivation, GI activity & tear secretions cause pupil dilation (mydriais) promote bronchodilation increase heart rate produce thick mucous secretions within airways |
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Phenothiazines
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Acepromazine, chlorpromazine, triflupromazine
sedation antiemetic antiarrhythmic antihistamine peripheral vasodilation personality changes penile prolapse (horses) lack of analgesia |
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Benzodiazepines
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diazepam - Valium
zolazepam - component of Telazol midazolam - Versed lorazepam - Ativan Release endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antianxiety & calming skeletal muscle relaxation anticonvulsant minimal adverse effects appetite stimulant in cats modifies behavior in cats (inappropriate urination) |
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Midazolam vs Diazepam
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water soluble & can be mixed with other drugs
less irritating more absorbant |
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Alpha-2 Agonists
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xylazine - Rompun, Anased
medetomidine - Domitor detomidine - Dormosedan romifidine - Sedivet Effects analgesia sedation muscle relaxation Adverse Effects cardiac & respiratory problems vomiting depression of GI activity behavior & personality changes reduced secretion of insulin increase of intrauterine pressure in cattle - can cause abortion in last trimester |
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Alpha-2 Agonists Reversibility
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Yohimbine (Yobine) -- xylazine
Tolazoline -- xylazine in cattle & detomidine in horses Atipamezole -- medetomidine |
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Opiods / Narcotics
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stimulate or block opiod receptors
morphine meperidine fentanyl oxymorphone buprenorphine naloxone butorphanol Effects CNS depression or excitement analgesia respiratory depression gastrointestinal upset physical dependence bradycardia histamine release - facial swelling & hypotension miosis (dogs), mydriasis (cats) increased responsiveness to noise excessive salivation increased intraocular & intracranial pressure |
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Opiods Reversibility
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naloxone hydrochloride
bind to opiod receptors and act as blocking agents |
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Opiods - examples
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morphine
meperidine fentanyl oxymorphone buprenorphine naloxone butorphanol |
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Opiods - effects
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CNS depression or excitement
analgesia |
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Opiods - adverse effects
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respiratory depression
gastrointestinal upset physical dependence bradycardia histamine release - facial swelling & hypotension miosis (dogs), mydriasis (cats) increased responsiveness to noise excessive salivation increased intraocular & intracranial pressure |
