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288 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following bacterial pathogens is MOST likely to be a primary pathogen of the respiratory tract of dogs and cats?
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Bordatella bronchiseptica
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A seven week old kitten presents with anorexia, fever, sneezing, and severe mucopurulent ocular discharge. An ophthalmic exam reveals severe hyperemia and evidence of corneal ulceration. Which of the following pathogens is most likely to be the primary pathogen?
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Feline Herpesvirus-1
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Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor for Bordatella bronchiseptica?
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a. Ability to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion allowing intracellular survival in macrophages
b. Those that are: i. Ability to paralyze cilia of upper respiratory tract epithelia ii. Ability to inhibit chemotaxis and intracellular killing by macrophages iii. Dermonecrotic toxin resulting in tissue damage iv. Fimbriae facilitating attachment and colonization |
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An important structure of Cryptococcus neoformans that facilitates its survival in tissue, and levels of which are used to diagnose and monitor treatment is the:
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Capsule
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An eight month old mixed breed dog presents with myoclonus and chewing gum fits. You suspect canine distemper encephalitis and pursue a spinal tap. Serologic analysis of the CSF reveals a titer of 1:20 for abs to canine distemper virus. What information is important in correctly interpreting the result?
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Status of the integrity of the blood brain barrier
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Which of the following statements about CHV is TRUE?
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The susceptibility of neonates is due to their poor temperature regulation
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Confirmation of Brucella canis infection is best done by:
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Culture
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One of the most consistent blood abnormalities found with RMSF is:
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Thrombocytopenia
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Which of the following statements about Rickettsia rickettsii is TRUE?
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Response to treatment helps confirm the diagnosis
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Pancytopenia, anemia, and increased bleeding tendencies in dogs may be associated with which of the following pathogens?
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Ehrlichia canis
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Which of the following statements about Lyme Disease is TRUE?
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Disease is due to the immune response to the organism
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Canine parvovirus 2b differs from CPV-2 in that CPV 2b:
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May infect cats
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Which of the following statements regarding Canine Coronavirus is TRUE:
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It is one of few enveloped enteric viruses
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Ocular and renal damage associated with Canine Adenovirus-1 may be due to:
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Immune complex formation during convalescence
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Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor for Helicobacter spp.?
LPS |
Those that are:
Cytotoxin Urease Adhesin Induction of inflammation |
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Treatment of Helicobacter infection involves antibiotics and which of the following?
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Acid suppressor
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A nine month old dog presents with anorexia, lethargy, depression, and vomiting. Blood work reveals a highly elevated BUN and creatinine. You suspect Leptospira infection. The owner doesn’t understand how this could occur, as the dog is well-vaccinated. You explain:
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Protection is serovar-specific and does not cover all the strains
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Which of the following pathogens is potentially zoonotic?
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Brucella canis
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Which of the following abnormalities would be expected in feline infectious peritonitis?
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Elevated total protein
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Identification of the organism in fungal infections is important because:
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Treatment is expensive and potentially harmful
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Which of the following statements about FeLV is TRUE?
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Anemia due to the virus is usually non-regenerative
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The FIV causes disease primarily due to its ability to:
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Destroy lymphocytes
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A parameter important in the occurrence of all fungal infections is:
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Geographic locale
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The anemia that results from Hemobartonella felis infection is NOT due to:
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Suppression of erythropoiesis
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Which of the following statements about Aspergillus fumigatus is TRUE?
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Infection of cats has a poor prognosis
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The occurrence of which of the following in a dog’s environment may predispose to infection with Histoplasma?
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Bird droppings
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The serologic test for Cryptococcus infection detects which of the following?
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Capsular antigen
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Which of the following is immunosuppressive in FeLV-infected cats?
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Envelope protein p15e
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Which of the following agents is most hardy in the environment?
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Canine parvovirus
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Which of the following agents is NOT potentially zoonotic?
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Neorickettsia risticii
Those that ARE zoonotic: Brucella canis Salmonella typhimurium Leptospira interrogans Chlamydophila felis |
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Which of the following agents is NOT shed for significant periods after recovery?
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Canine parvovirus
Those that are shed for long times after recovery: Feline herpesvirus Feline calicivirus Bordatella bronchiseptica Leptospira canicola |
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The primary target cell of feline infectious peritonitis is which of the following?
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Macrophage
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A twelve week old kitten presents with mucopurulent conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, sneezing, and bilateral corneal ulcers. Which of the following is most likely to be the etiologic agent?
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Feline Herpesvirus
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An owner brings in a new kitten, approximately 12 weeks of age, that she found for an examination. In screening for FeLV and FIV, the kitten tests positive for FeLV. You explain to the owner:
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The kitten may clear the virus and should be retested in a month
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The azole drugs are commonly used for treating fungal infections. What tissue may be damaged by this treatment and should be monitored?
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Liver
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What are the components of therapy for Helicobacter infection?
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Acid suppressor and antibiotic
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Which of the following organisms is shed in urine?
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Leptospira grippotyphosa
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The primary target cell of FIV has which of the following surface markers?
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CD4
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The agent of Lyme disease achieves its tissue distribution by migration in which of the following?
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Subcutaneous tissue
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In addition to the reproductive tract Brucella canis may evidence disease most commonly in which of the following?
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Eye
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In cases of RMSF and canine Ehrlichiosis, one can monitor response to treatment by checking the levls of which of the following cells?
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Platelets
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Lyme disease occurs primarily in which area of the country?
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Northeast
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RMSF is most prevalent in which area of the country?
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Southeast – NOT THE ROCKIES
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Which of the following is the most likely scenario associated with development of FIP in a cat?
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Nine-month old Persian from a cattery
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Coccidioides infection is most likely to occur in which of the following scenarios?
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Hot, dry, sandy regions in SW US
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Which of the following pathogens is routinely shed for only brief periods of time following recovery from acute infection?
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Feline parvovirus
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The immune response and inflammatory reaction is integral to disease production in all EXCEPT for which of the following?
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Canine parvovirus enteritis
Those in which immune response and inflamm reaction ARE integral: FIP Canine distemper post-acute encephalitis Leptospira interrogans Canine adenovirus post-acute anterior uveitis (blue eye) |
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Which of the following disease agents may be transmitted directly from infected dogs to humans?
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Brucella canis
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Which of the following disease agents may be found in environments containing stagnant water?
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Leptospira grippotyphosa
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Which fo the following agents is shed in urine?
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Canine adenovirus 1
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Which of the following is specifically distributed along waterways in the SE US?
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Blastomyces dermatiditis
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Which of the following is passed both transovarially and transtadially in tick vectors?
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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In general terms, which of the following diagnostic assays is the most sensitive for detection of the organism?
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PCR
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Which of the following disease agents is hardiest in the environment?
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Canine parvovirus
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Which of the following is true regarding an animal that is seropositive to a specific pathogen?
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The animal has been exposed to the pathogen
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An eight week old mixed breed puppy presents with fever, depression, vomiting, and hemorrhagic diarrhea. The puppy was just adopted from a local animal shelter. In addition to specific tests for the pathogen, which of the following will be most useful in making a diagnosis?
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CBC
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An eight month old Abyssinian female cat returns to your clinic two weeks after spaying. The owner reports she is lethargic and has a poor appetite. You note a fever, a slight weight loss on physical exam. What additional information from the owner would be beneficial to know to assist in diagnosis of this disease?
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Did this cat originate in a cattery?
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A two year old intact male Labrador presents with a draining skin lesion on his R FL. On PE, you note a thin condition and enlared lymph nodes. An ocular exam reveals inflammation of the anterior chamber. One test that will be important to do to confirm the diagnosis will be which of the following?
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Thoracic rads
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A twelve week old female DSH kitten is presented for the initial examination and vaccination. The owner reports they found the kitten a week ago, and it has no obvious problems. On routine screening, the kitten tests positive by ELISA for FeLV. You advise the owner:
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To isolate and retest the kitten in 30 days
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A five year old female Beagle used for breeding aborts late in gestation. On PE, you note a greenish vaginal discharge. You advise the owner to pursue diagnostics to confirm the diagnosis because:
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The agent may be zoonotic
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An important pathogenic mechanism of Helicobacter pylori is which of the following?
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Urease
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Of the following tick borne disease agents, which does not usually present with thrombocytopenia?
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Borrelia burgdorferi
Those that do present with thrombocytopenia: Rickettsia ricketsii Ehrlichia canis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Anaplasma phagocytophila |
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The primary target cell for FIV has which of the following as a surface marker?
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CD4
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A host factor that influence the development of disease in neonatal pups due to CHV is which of the following?
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Poor body temperature control
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For immunoprophylaxis to Leptospira spp, it is important to remember that:
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Protection is serovar specific
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A two year old male cat at a rescue facility presents with high fever, anorexia, edema, necrosis of ear tips, and dyspnea. Physical examination reveals severe depression, increased respiratory sounds, ocular and nasal discharge, and oral ulcers. The most likely agent involved is which of the following?
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Feline calicivirus
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Which of the following agents occur ROUTINELY in our region of the country?
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Rickettsia rickettsii and Blastomyces dermatiditis
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Which systems are most likely to be affected by Cryptococcus neoformans in cats?
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Respiratory, neurologic, ocular
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Ehrlichia canis is more likely to be severe in which breed of dog?
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German Shepherd
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Persistent infection with FeLV may DIRECTLY lead to which of the following?
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Oncogene activation
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In ADULT dogs: canine herpesvirus is most likely to manifest with which of the following?
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URTD
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Serology for Cryptococcus infection measures which of the following?
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Capsular antigen
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Shedding in urine is a major mode of transmission for which of the following?
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Canine adenovirus -1
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Which of the following feline pathogens is hardiest in the environment?
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Feline calicivirus
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For which of the following feline pathogens are VIRUS-SPECIFIC ANTIVIRAL treatments available?
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FHV
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The target cell in mammals for Rickettsia rickettsii is which of the following?
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Endothelium – necrotizing vasculitis
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Which of the following canine pathogens is immunosuppressive?
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Canine distemper virus
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Which of the following pathogens is associated with a LATENT state after acute infection?
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Feline herpesvirus
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What is p15e?
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An immunosuppressive protein of FeLV
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Which of the hematologic changes is associated with canine parvovirus infection?
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Leukopenia
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Which of the following pathogens is truly a new pathogen of dogs?
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Influenza virus
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Which of the following diagnostic methods is NOT routinely used to aid diagnosis of aspergillosis?
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Electronmicroscopy
Those that are: Rhinoscopy Serology Radiology Culture |
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The GOLD STANDARD for diagnosis of FIP is which of the following?
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Histopathology
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Chlamydophila felis is MOST COMMONLY associated with which of the following disease manifestations in cats?
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Conjunctivitis
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A client brings a stray kitten to you that she has just found. It appears healthy on PE. You recommend testing the cat for FeLV and FIV. The FIV ELISA result is positive. The owner has no other cats at home. What would you tell the cat?
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It could be maternal abs – retest at 6 months of age, if positive then confirm with western blot
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A seven month old mixed breed puppy is presented to you with myoclonus and seizures. It was adopted from an animal shelter one month ago, and had a mild respiratory tract infection, which resolved. In identifying the etiology, which of the following assays would be the most useful for this case?
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Serology for CSF for canine distemper virus
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A cattery is experiencing problems with FIP in several litters. Which of the following would be the most useful and practical to approach management of the problem?
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Examine the breeding records to check for familial susceptibility to FIP
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In evaluating the CBC on an adult male coonhound, you detect thrombocytopenia. Which of the following organisms is NOT routinely associated with this abnormality?
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Borrelia burgdorferi
Those that ARE associated with thrombocytopenia: Anaplasma platys Anaplasma phagocytophila Ehrlichia canis Rickettsia rickettsii |
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A two year old male GR presents with acute renal failure. You diagnose leptospirosis based in part on a significant ab level to serovar Bratislava. The owner is confused, as he has vaccinated his dog every year for Leptospira. You tell the owner:
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The vaccine is serovar specific, and L Bratislava is not included in routine vaccines
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Ehrlichia canis:
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Often causes thrombocytopenia
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The Ehrlichia canis tick vector:
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Cannot serve as a resesrvoir for disease
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With Lyme disease:
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B. burgdorferi is difficult to culture from the blood of infected animals
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With Lyme disease
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B. burgdorferi are transmitted to their mammalian hosts about 48 hours after the ticks start feeding
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For feline hemobartonellosis caused by Mycoplasma hemofelis:
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The vector has not been clearly identified
A smaller variant is less pathogenic than M. hemofelis PCR is a useful diagnostic tool |
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What serovar of Leptospira is most commonly associated with acute renal failure?
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L grippotyphosa
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What tick-borne disease may be associated with a protein losing nephropathy?
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Lyme Disease
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FHV infection is less likely to cause pneumonia than calicivirus because:
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FHV replicates best at the cooler temperatures of the URT
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Canine nasal aspergillosis is BEST diagnosed with a combination of:
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Radiology, rhinoscopy, and serology
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Helicobacter treatment involves a combination of
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Antibiotics and acid suppressor
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Blue eye seen approximately two weeks after CAV-1 infection due to:
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Immune complex deposition on the corneal endothelium
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FIV primarily targets lymphocytes and measurement of cells with the CD4 marker is used to monitor disease.
Which fo the following is true regarding an animal that is sero+ to a specific pathogen? |
The animal has been exposed to the pathogen
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An eight week old mixed breed male puppy presents with fever, depression, vomiting, and hemorrhagic diarrhea. The puppy was just adipted from a local animal shelter. In addition to specific tests for the pathogen, which of the following will be most useful in confirming a diagnosis?
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CBC
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You have just successfully treated a dog for infectious canine hepatitis. You caution the owner that the dog should remain quarantined because:
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Viral shedding in urine may occur for several months
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A twelve week old female DSH kitten is presented for initial examination and vaccination. The owner reports they found the kitten a week ago, and it has no obvious problems. On routine screening, the kitten tests + by ELISA for feline leukemia virus. You advise the owner:
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To isolate and retest the kitten in 30 days
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All of the following are potential outcomes from exposure of a cat to FeLV EXCEPT:
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Restrictive
Those that are potential outcomes: Abortive Regressive Latent Progressive |
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A two year old male cat at a rescue facility presents with a high fever, anorexia, and severe depression. PE reveals severe dyspnea, increased respiratory sounds, facial edema, necrosis of ear tips and oral ulcers. The most likely agent involved is which of the following?
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Feline calicivirus
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The occurrence of which of the following in a dog’s environment may predispose to infection with Histoplasma?
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Bird droppings
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The serologic test for Cryptococcus infection detects which of the following?
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Capsular antigen
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If a positive result occurs following ELISA screening for either of the feline retroviruses, you should recommend which of the following?
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Confirm with a different type of assay
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Which of the following agents is most hardy in the environment?
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Canine parvovirus
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The azole drugs are commonly used for treating fungal infections? What tissue may be damaged by this treatment and should be monitored?
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Liver
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The most common anatomic loacation in which Cryptococcus may deposit and cause disease in cats is which of the following?
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Nasal cavity
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Coccidioides infection is most likely to occur in which of the following scenarios?
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Hot, dry, sandy regions in SW USA
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Transmission of blastomycosis from dogs to people is generally not considered to be a problem because:
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The yeast is not contagious by aerosol
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Infection with which of the following pathogens does NOT lead to chronic intermittent shedding?
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Feline parvovirus
Those that do lead to chronic, intermittent shedding: Feline calicivirus Feline coronavirus Feline herpesvirus-1 Chlamydophila felis |
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Which of the following assays is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis?
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Histopathology
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An eight month old mixed breed dog presents with myoclonus and chewing gum fits. You suspect canine distemper and pursue a spinal tap. Serologic analysis of the CSF reveals a titer of 1:20 abs to canine distemper virus. What information is important in correctly interpreting this result?
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Status of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier
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Canine parvovirus 2a, 2b, and 2c differ from CPV-2 in that the former (CPV 2a-c):
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May infect cats as well as dogs
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Which of the following statements regarding canine enteric coronavirus is TRUE:
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It is one of the few enveloped enteric viruses
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A nine month old dog presents with anorexia, lethargy, depression and vomiting. Bloodwork reveals a highly elevated BUN and Creatinine. You suspect Leptospira infection. The owner doesn’t understand how this could occur, as the dog is well-vaccinated. You explain:
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Protection is serovar-specific and does not cover all strains
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Which of the following abnormalities would be expected in FIP?
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Decreased A:G ratio
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The most common lesion associated with chlamydiosis in cats is which of the following?
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Conjunctivitis
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Ehrlichia is transmitted to dogs primarily by:
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Dermacentor variabilis
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Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted on the E coast primarily by:
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Ixodes scapularis
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A symptom commonly associated with Ehrlichia canis infections is:
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Thrombocytopenia
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Detection of ab to Ehrlichia canis indicates:
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Exposure
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Lyme disease from B. burgdorferi:
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May cause proteinuria
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Bartonella henselae:
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Rarely causes disease in cats
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It is difficult to determine which diseases are caused by Bartonella because:
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They are difficult to culture
They do not necessarily fulfill Koch’s postulates They may cause disease in one species but not another |
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A client presents a four month old dog to you that she adopted from the shelter five days ago. The pup has mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharge, fever, coughing, and depression. You suspect distemper and submit a serologic titer. The results are IgG <20 and IgM 1:10. You tell the owner:
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The dog has been recently exposed to the virus either through infection or vaccination
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An important virulence factor of Bordatella bronchiseptica is which of the following?
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It’s ability to paralyze respiratory cilia
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A common property of rotavirus and enteric coronavirus of dogs is which of the following?
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They are RNA viruses
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A one year old Persian cat presents with waxing and waning fever, anorexia, fluid in the peritoneal cavity, and weight loss. You suspect FIP and submit serum for ab detection. The titer is reported to you as 1:640 (high for this lab). You tell the owner:
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FIP is a possibility as the cat has been exposed to Feline Coronavirus
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An important property of Mycoplasma spp that will affect the treatment protocol is which of the following?
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It has no cell wall - Penicillin useless.
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An owner brings an eight week old kitten to you that he just adopted. You test the kitten for FeLV and FIV. The FIV test is positive. You tell the owner:
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He should retest the kitten in one month as the test may have detected maternal abs
|
|
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Which of the following pathogens is a truly new pathogen for dogs?
|
Canine influenza virus
|
|
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A cattery is experiencing problems with FIP in several litters. Which of the following would be the most useful and practical to approach management of the problem?
|
Examine the breeding records to check for familial susceptibility to FIP
|
|
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An important virulence factor of gastric Helicobacter spp is which of the following?
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Urease
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Which of the following scenarios is most likely to exist in the history of a dog suffering from leptospirosis?
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There is a history of being outdoors and swimming in an area lake
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A two year old male Lab presents with kennel cough after boarding at an area kennel. You suspect canine influenza and perform serology. The dog has a high ab level to canine influenza. You conclude:
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Since the disease is generally mild, only supportive care is required
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An important viral property of canine respiratory coronavirus that may impact diagnosis and control is which of the following?
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The virus is antigenically distinct from enteric canine coronavirus
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Which of the following enteric pathogens may be inactivated by detergent alone?
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Coronavirus – enveloped
Those that cannot be: Calicivirus Enterovirus Parvovirus Rotavirus |
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Transmission of Blastomyces spp. from an infected dog is generally not considered to be a problem because:
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The yeast form in tissues is not considered contagious
|
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The point of no return in feline leukemia infections after which persistent infection is likely and viral clearance is unlikely is which of the following?
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Infection in the bone marrow
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An important component of therapy for Helicobacter is:
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Acid suppressors
|
|
|
The serologic test for Cryptococcus infection detects which of the following?
|
Capsular antigen
|
|
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Which of the following viral components is immunosuppressive in FeLV-infected cats?
|
Envelope protein 15e
|
|
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Which of the following is the most likely scenario associated with development of FIP in a cat?
|
Nine month old Persian from a cattery
|
|
|
For which of the following feline pathogens are virus-specific antiviral treatments available?
|
Feline herpesvirus
|
|
|
Confirmation of FIP diagnosis is done using which of the following assays?
|
Histopathology
|
|
|
An eight week old mixed breed male puppy presents with fever, depression, vomiting and hemorrhagic diarrhea. The puppy was just adopted from a local animal shelter. Which of the following assays will be useful to aid diagnosis and monitor treatment progress?
|
CBC
|
|
|
A two year old intact male Lab presents with a draining skin lesion on his right foreleg. On PE, you note a thin condition and enlarged lymph nodes. An ocular exam reveals inflammation of the anterior chamber. Which of the following will be important to do to help confirm diagnosis?
|
Thoracic rads
|
|
|
A twelve week old DSH kitten is presented for the initial examination and vaccination. The owner reports they found the kitten a week ago, and it has no obvious problems. On routine screening, the kitten tests positive by ELISA for FeLV. You advise the owner:
|
The test result should be confirmed with a different assay
NOTE: FIV += maternal abs, FeLV = test with different assay |
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A 16 week old kitten at a rescue facility presents with lethargy and anorexia. Physical exam shows depression, increased respiratory sounds, mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharge, and bilateral corneal ulcers. The most likely agent involved is which of the following?
|
Feline herpesvirus
|
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A client presents with her 2 year old MC shepherd mix. He has a dry cough with retching, but is otherwise bright and alert. The owner tells you this began while the dog was boarding at a nearby kennel. The owner is upset because the dog had received an IN kennel cough vaccine at his last wellness check. You explain to the owner that:
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There are agents of kennel cough not included in the vaccine
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You have just received serologic results on an 18 week old puppy that you suspect has canine distemper. The IgG is 40, and the IgM is 10. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of these results?
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The dog has been recently exposed to CDV
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In designing a vaccine protocol for your clinic, you have made the Leptospira component non-core, but provide it for dogs at risk. An important risk factor for leptospirosis used to assess need for the vaccine is which of the following?
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If the dog has outdoor access
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An important virulence factor for Helicobacter spp is which of the following?
|
Urease
|
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A client presents her 9 month old terrier mix that has recently recovered from infectious canine hepatitis. The dog has developed a cloudy, bluish right eye, but it does not appear painful. This sequela to ICH is due to which of the following?
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Immune complex deposition
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Which of the following is NOT associated with previous canine distemper virus infection?
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Retinal scarring
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Broad-based budding is characteristic of which organism?
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Blastomyces dermatiditis
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|
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For which of the following organisms is long term treatment, and relapse common?
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Coccidioides immitis
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The geographic distribution of the various species of Cryptococcus is unusual in that, in addition to the tropics and subtropics, it can be found:
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At high altitude environments
|
|
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Which of the following organisms is routinely treated with topical antifungal therapeutics?
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Aspergillus fumigates
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FeLV is divided into subgroups based on antigenicity. Only one of these subgroups is spread horizontally cat to cat, while the remaining subgroups are mutational variants of it. The subgroup that is transmissible is which of the following?
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A
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The form of FeLV that is integrated into the infected cell’s DNA is termed:
|
Provirus
|
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Dogs are considered the maintenance host for which of the following serovars of Leptospira?
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Canicola
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Coronavirus is an unusual and unique viral enteric pathogen in that it possesses which of the following?
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Envelope
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FIP involves efficient replication of feline coronavirus in which of the following cell types?
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Macrophages
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Cats with FIP mount an exaggerated __ response and an response.
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humoral
ineffective cell-mediated |
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In cats with FIP, the elevated TP is due primarily to which of the following?
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Immunoglobulins
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|
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Strain variation is a major problem with which of the following pathogen groups?
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RNA viruses
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Canine influenza virus originated in horses: this transmission across species lines was the result of which of the following?
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Minor point mutations in equine influenza virus
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You are dealing with a breeding kennel with kennel cough; you suspect canine coronavirus is involved and decide to test affected animals by serology for virus-specific ab. Which of the following facts is most important in submitting and evaluating the ab response to this virus?
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The virus is antigenically distinct from the enteric canine coronavirus
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Stromal keratitis in cats is likely a sequelae to infection with which of the following pathogens?
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Feline herpesvirus
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When interpreting results from pathogen detection by PCR, one must always bear in mind that:
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PCR can detect nonviable agents
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|
Carrier states exist following recovery for all of the following except:
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Feline panleukopenia virus
Those that do have carrier states: Feline herpesvirus – herpes is forever Feline calicivirus Chlamydophila felis Bordatella bronchiseptica |
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Which of the following agents may be associated with stomatitis, synovitis, or vasculitis?
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Feline calicivirus
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Conjunctivitis is the primary clinical presentation of infection with which of the following agents?
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Chlamydophila felis
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H1N1 influenza may infect and cause disease in all of the following EXCEPT:
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Horses
Those in which it does cause disease: Dogs Cats Ferrets Poultry |
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My dog Bubba was afflicted with which of the following pathogens that led to his consumption of linoleum?
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Helicobacter spp
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Bartonella are able to survive within cats because:
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They induce IL-10
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Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted on the east coast primarily by:
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Ixodes scapularis
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|
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A symptom commonly associated with Ehrlichia canis infection is:
|
Thrombocytopenia
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Lyme disease from B. burgdorferi:
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May cause proteinuria
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Bartonella henselae:
|
Rarely causes disease in cats
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It is difficult to determine which hosts are infected by Bartonella because:
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They are difficult to culture
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The IFA test for Ehrlichia canis:
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Requires species specific reagents for the detection of patient ab bound to ag
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|
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Detection of ab to Ehrlichia canis indicates:
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Exposure
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The organism primarily associated with cat scratch disease in humans is:
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Bartonella henselae
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Ehrlichia canis is transmitted to dogs primarily by:
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Dermacentor variablis
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Feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus are similar agents in that, in addition to similar symptoms, both viruses:
|
May cause persistent infections
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|
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Aspergillosis
|
May be treated with topical antifungals
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FIV of cats:
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May be transmitted to kittens across the placenta or via milk
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Which of the following is always TRUE regarding an animal that is seropositive to a specific pathogen?
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The animal has been infected with or vaccinated for the pathogen at some point in its life
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The primary cause of death in puppies suffering from canine parvovirus infection is:
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Secondary sepsis
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A twelve week old female DSH kitten is presented for initial exam and vaccination. The owner reports they found the kitten a week ago, and it has no obvious problems. On routine screening, the kitten tests positive for FIV. You advise the owner:
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This may be due to maternal abs
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|
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Geographically, Blastomyces and Histoplasma occur:
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Along waterways
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If a positive result occurs following ELISA screening for either of the feline retroviruses, you should recommend:
|
Confirm with a different assay
|
|
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Which of the following agents is most hardy/resistant in the environment?
|
Feline calicivirus
|
|
|
Antifungal treatments for systemic fungal infections:
|
May have serious side effects
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|
|
Recently, Cryptococcus infections have emerged in a different geographic locale than in the past: this new region of emergence is:
|
Tropical regions
|
|
|
Coccidioides infections:
|
Occur in hot, dry, sandy regions in the SW USA
|
|
|
For confirming a diagnosis of FIP antemortem:
|
Requires a combination of diagnostic tests
|
|
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An eight month old mixed breed dog presents with myoclonus and chewing gum fits. You suspect CDV encephalitis and pursue distemper serology. You receive results of IgG 640 and IgM 20. What information is important in correctly interpreting the result?
|
Vaccination history
|
|
|
Canine parvovirus 2c which has emerged in recent years, differs from the previous variants of CPV-2a and 2b in that it:
|
Varies slightly in amino acid sequence of the capsid protein from CPV-2a and 2b
|
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Which of the following statements regarding canine respiratory coronavirus is TRUE?
|
It differs antigenically from the enteric canine coronavirus
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You are designing a vaccine program for your clinic: an important property that may exclude a dog from Leptospirosis vaccination is:
|
The dog is a toy sized breed
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Which of the following abnormalities would be expected in FIP?
|
Lymphopenia
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A lesion associated with FHV infection that may help distinguish it from other causes of URTD in cats is which of the following?
|
Corneal ulcers
|
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A client presents a four month old dog to you that she found approximately 5 days ago. The puppy is depressed, anorexic, and vomiting. You perform a parvovirus ELISA on feces, which is negative. You tell the owner:
|
The dog may still have parvovirus, but it is not shedding detectable viral amounts
|
|
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You diagnose a client’s young dog with Bordatella bronchiseptica infection. The owner wants to know when the dog can again be safely comingled with puppies. You tell the owner:
|
The organism may be shed for weeks
|
|
|
A common property of both rotavirus and enteric coronavirus of dogs is which of the following?
|
They target the mature intestinal cells at the villus tips
|
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|
A cat breeder brings a new kitten she is considering purchasing to you for feline coronavirus serology. The titer is reported to you as: 640 (high). You conclude:
|
The cat may be shedding feline coronavirus in the feces
|
|
|
An important property of Helicobacter spp that will affect the treatment protocol is which of the following?
|
The low pH of the tissue habitat
|
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An owner brings an eight week old kitten to you that he just adopted. You test the serum of the kitten for FeLV and FIV; the FeLV test is positive. You tell the owner:
|
An IFA test for the virus on whole blood should be done to aid in the prognosis
|
|
|
The two main tissues most commonly affected by Leptospirosis infection of dogs are:
|
Liver and kidney
|
|
|
A two year old male Lab presents with kennel cough. You suspect canine influenza as the dog had previously received an IN kennel cough vaccine. You recommend:
|
The dog should be quarantined from children to prevent zoonotic spread
|
|
|
Chlamydophila infection of cats:
|
May be zoonotic
|
|
|
The subgroup of FeLV that is transmitted horizontally between cats is:
|
A
|
|
|
An important mechanism of oncogenesis by FeLV is due to the virus’s ability:
|
To integrate viral genome into host cell DNA
|
|
|
You have diagnosed FIP in a 4 month old kitten owned by a client who breeds Persians. You advise the cattery owner:
|
All kittens should be vaccinated against FIP at 16 weeks of age
|
|
|
All of the following may be sequel to FHV EXCEPT:
|
Encephalitis
Those that may be sequelae to FHV: Dermatitis Stromal keratitis Chronic snufflers Latent viral infection |
|
|
Viral systemic calicivirus Is diagnosed by:
|
Clinical signs and calicivirus identification
|
|
|
When diagnosing infections by PCR, it is important to remember:
|
Subclinical infections may be detected
|
|
|
The H1N1 2009 influenza virus:
|
May infect cats
NOTE: H5N1 = avian influenza, not H1N1 |
|
|
The organism with broad-based budding characterizes which of the following?
|
Blastomyces dermitiditis
|
|
|
Which of the following canine pathogens is primarily shed in the urine?
|
Canine adenovirus-1
|
|
|
Bartonella are able to survive within cats because:
|
The induce expression of IL-10
|
|
|
Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted on the east coast primarily by:
|
Ixodes scapularis
|
|
|
A symptom commonly associated with Ehrlichia infections is:
|
Thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
Lyme disease from B. burgdorferi:
|
May cause proteinuria
|
|
|
Bartonella henselae:
|
Rarely causes disease in cats
|
|
|
It Is difficult to determine which hosts are infected by Bartonella because:
|
They are difficult to culture
|
|
|
The IFA test for Ehrlichia canis:
|
Requires species-specific reagents for the detection of patient ab bound to ag
|
|
|
Detection of ab to E. canis indicates:
|
Exposure
|
|
|
The organism primarily associated with cat scratch disease in humans is:
|
Bartonella henselae
|
|
|
E. canis is transmitted to dogs primarily by:
|
Dermacentor variabilis
|
|
|
Feline Herpesvirus infection is less likely to cause pneumonia than calicivirus because:
|
FHV replicates best at the cooler temperatures of the URT
|
|
|
Canine nasal aspergillosis is BEST diagnosed with a combination of:
|
Radiology, rhinoscopy, and serology
|
|
|
FIV primarily targets __ and measurement of cells with the __ marker is used to monitor disease progression.
|
Lymphocytes
CD4 |
|
|
Which of the following is TRUE regarding an animal that is seropositive for a specific antigen?
|
The animal has been exposed to the pathogen
|
|
|
An eight week old mixed breed male puppy presents with fever, depression, vomiting, and hemorrhagic diarrhea. The puppy was just adopted from a local animal shelter. In addition to specific tests for the pathogen, which of the following will be the most useful in confirming a diagnosis?
|
CBC
|
|
|
A twelve week old female DSH kitten is presented for the initial examination and vaccination. The owner reports they found the kitten a week ago, and it has no obvious problems. On routine screening, the kitten tests positive by ELISA for feline leukemia virus. You advise the owner:
|
To isolate and retest the kitten in 30 days
|
|
|
All of the following are potential outcomes from exposure of a cat to FeLV EXCEPT:
|
Restrictive
Those that are possible outcomes: Abortive Regressive Latent Progressive |
|
|
A two year old male cat at a rescue facility presents with high fever, anorexia, and severe depression. PE reveals severe dyspnea, increased respiratory sounds, facial edema, necrosis of the ear tips, and oral ulcers. The most likely agent involved is which of the following?
|
Feline calicivirus
|
|
|
The occurrence of which of the following in a dog’s environment may predispose to infection with Histoplasma?
|
Bird droppings
|
|
|
The serologic test for Cryptococcus infection detects which of the following?
|
Capsular antigen
|
|
|
If a positive result in a healthy cat occurs following ELISA screening for either of the feline retroviruses, you should recommend which of the following?
|
Confirm with a different type of assay
|
|
|
Ticks may serve as a reservoir for which of the following organisms?
|
Rickettsia rickettsii – RMSF
|
|
|
The azole drugs are commonly used for treating fungal infections. What tissue may be damaged by this treatment and should be monitored?
|
Liver
|
|
|
The most common anatomic location in which Cryptococcus may deposit and cause disease in cats is which of the following?
|
Nasal cavity
|
|
|
Coccidioides infection is most likely to occur in which of the following scenarios?
|
Hot, dry, sandy regions in SW USA
|
|
|
For all of the tick-borne, obligate intracellular bacteria discussed, one of the most consistent clinical abnormalities is which of the following?
|
Thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
Infection with which of the following pathogens does NOT lead to chronic shedding?
|
Feline parvovirus
|
|
|
Which of the following assays is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of FIP?
|
Histopathology
|
|
|
An eight month old mixed breed dog presents with myoclonus and chewing gum fits. You suspect canine distemper encephalitis and pursue a spinal tap. Serologic analysis reveals a titer of 1:20 for ab to CDV. What information is important in correctly interpreting this result?
|
Status of the integrity of the BBB
|
|
|
Canine parvovirus 2a, b, c differ from CPV-2 in that CPV 2a-c:
|
May infect cats as well as dogs
|
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding canine enteric coronavirus is TRUE:
|
It is one of the few enveloped enteric viruses
|
|
|
A nine month old dog presents with anorexia, lethargy, depression, and vomiting. Bloodwork reveals a highly elevated BUN and Creatinine. You suspect Leptospira infection. The owner does not understand how this could occur, as the dog is well-vaccinated. You explain:
|
Protection is serovar specific and does not cover all strains
|
|
|
Which of the following abnormalities would be expected in FIP?
|
Decreased A:G ratio
|
|
|
The most common lesion associated with Chlamydiosis in cats is which of the following?
|
Conjunctivitis
|
|
|
A client presents a four month old dog to you that she adopted from the shelter 5 days ago. The puppy has mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharge, fever, coughing, and depression. You suspect distemper and submit a serologic titer. The results are IgG <20, and IgM 1:10. You tell the owner:
|
The dog has been recently exposed to the virus either through infection or vaccination
|
|
|
An important virulence factor of Bordatella bronchiseptica is which of the following?
|
Its ability to paralyze respiratory cilia
|
|
|
A common property of both rotavirus and enteric coronavirus of dogs is which of the following?
|
They are RNA viruses
|
|
|
A one year old Persian cat presents with waxing and waning fever, anorexia, fluid in the peritoneal cavity and weight loss. You suspect FIP and submit serum for ab detection. The titer is reported to you as 1:640 (high). You tell the owner:
|
FIP is a possibility as the cat has been exposed to Feline Coronavirus
|
|
|
An important property of Mycoplasma spp that will affect the treatment protocol is which of the following?
|
It has no cell wall
|
|
|
An owner brings an eight week old kitten to you that he just adopted. You test the kitten for FeLV and FIV: The FIV test is positive. You tell the owner:
|
He should retest the kitten in one month as the test may have detected maternal abs
|
|
|
Bartonella henselae infection in cats most commonly presents as which of the following conditions?
|
Asymptomatic
|
|
|
Which of the following pathogens is truly new in dogs?
|
Influenza virus
|
|
|
Canine ehrlichiosis may evidence with all of the following EXCEPT:
|
Proteinuria: associated with Borreliosis
Those that are associated with Ehrlichiosis: Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Polyclonal or monoclonal gammopathy Anemia |
|
|
Which of the following scenarios is most likely to exist in history of a dog suffering from Leptospirosis?
|
There is a history of being outdoors and swimming in an area lake (stagnant water)
|
|
|
An important viral property of canine respiratory coronavirus that may impact diagnosis and control is which of the following?
|
The virus is antigenically distinct from enteric canine coronavirus
|
|
|
The hemotropic Mycoplasma of cats causes anemia by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:
|
Bone marrow suppression
Anemia mechanisms: Direct hemolysis of organism Ab mediated complement activation Phagocytosis RBC sequestration in the spleen |
|
|
Both Mycoplasma hemofelis and Bartonella henselae infection are best diagnosed by which of the following assay types?
|
PCR detection of the organism
|
|
|
The point of no return in feline leukemia infections after which persistent infection is likely and viral clearance is unlikely is which of the following?
|
Infection of the bone marrow
|
|
|
A 16 week old kitten at a rescue facility presents with lethargy and anorexia. PE reveals depression, increased respiratory sounds, mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharge, and bilateral corneal ulcers. The most likely agent involved is which of the following?
|
Feline herpesvirus
|
|
|
A client presents her 2 year old MC shepherd mix. He has a dry cough with retching, but is otherwise bright and alert. The owner tells you this began while the dog was boarding at a nearby kennel. The owner is upset because the dog received an IN kennel cough vaccine at his last wellness visit. You explain:
|
There are agents of kennel cough not included in the vaccine
|
|
|
Characteristic broad-based budding belongs to which organism?
|
Blastomyces dermatiditis
|
|
|
For which of the following organisms is long-term treatment, and relapse common?
|
Coccidioides immitis
|
|
|
FeLV is divided into subgroups based on antigenicity. Only one of these subgroups is spread horizontally, cat to cat, while the remaining subgroups are mutational variants of it. The subgroup that is transmissible is which of the following?
|
A
|
|
|
The form of FeLV that is integrated into the infected cell’s DNA is termed:
|
Provirus
|
|
|
FIP involves efficient replication of feline coronavirus in which of the following cell types?
|
Macrophages
|
|
|
Cats with FIP mount an exaggerated __ response and an ineffective __response.
|
humoral
cell mediated |
|
|
When diagnosing infections by PCR, it is important to remember:
|
Subclinical organisms may be detected
|
|
|
Rickettsia rickettsii targets __ while Ehrlichia canis targets __.
|
endothelial cells
monocytes |
|
|
Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi diagnosis should be based on:
|
Combination of signs, history, serology, and response to treatment
|
|
|
Which of the following bacteria targets granulocytes?
|
Anaplasma phagocytophila
|
