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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type of paralysis caused by C botulinim?
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flaccid
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type of paralysis caused by C tetanus?
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spastic
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what strain of botulism most commonly affects dogs?
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type C
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MOA of botulism toxin?
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inhibits ACh release rom cholinergic neruons at the NMJ and autonomic synapses
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Ddx for botulism?
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tick paralysis
polyradiculoneuritis/coonhound paralysis fulminant myesthenia gravis dumb rabies WNV |
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How do you dx botulism?
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toxin analysis on serum/feces/vomitus/ingested material
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how do dogs get botulism?
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ingestion of preformed toxin, usually in carrion
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how do dogs get tetanus?
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wounds contaminated with spores from the environment
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MOA of tetanus toxin?
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travels along axons --> inhibits inhibitory interneuron from releasing GABA and glycine
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is local or generalized tetanus more common in dogs/cats?
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local
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clinical signs (CN) of tetanus?
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3rd eyelid protrusion/enophthalmos
erect ears/wrinkled forehead risus sardonicus trismus dysphagia and hypersalivation |
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signs of generalized tetanus?
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generalized increase in muscle tone, stiff gait, elevated tail
hyperthermia apprehension, hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli followed by vocalization or seizures autonomic signs |
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how do you dx tetanus?
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hx, clinical signs
serum ab titers to tetanus toxin |
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how do you tx tetanus?
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equine serum antitoxin slow IV of 5-10 minutes
metronidazole tranquilizers/methocarbomol wound debridement nursing care |
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Name some Lepto serovars
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grippotyphosa, bratislava, pomona
icterohemorrhagiae canicola |
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how is lepto transmitted?
what time of year is it seen? |
direct transmission with infected urine
seen with increased rainfall |
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what organs does lepto usually affect?
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liver, spleen, genital tract, eye
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where is lepto shed and for how long?
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shed in urine for weeks to months
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what are some clinical signs of lepto?
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anorexia
pyrexia vomiting dehydration anuria/oliguria icterus hemorrhages |
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what are some lab findings?
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thrombocytopenia
azotemia elevated liver enzymes |
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where is nocardia found?
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soil saprophyte
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where is actinomyces found?
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normal flora of oropharynx/GI tract
does not exist freely in nature |
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what is nocardia associated with?
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immunosuppression
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what is actinomyces associated with?
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foxtails
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what are the O2 requirements of nocardia?
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aerobe
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what are the O2 requirements of actinomyces?
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facultative or obligate anaerobe
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Which one is variably/transiently acid fast?
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nocardia
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what drug for actinomyces?
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penicillin
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what drug for nocardia?
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TMS
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what type of inflammatory lesions do they cause?
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pyogranulomatous inflammation
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Where is babesia found?
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gulf coast, south, central and SW US
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what strain of babesia is in the US?
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babesia canis vogeli
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what is babesia gibsoni associated with?
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pitbulls
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lab findings with babesia?
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thrombocytopenia, regen anemia, possibly Coombs positive
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what drugs used for babesia canis?
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imidocarb diproprionate
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what drugs used for babesia gibsoni?
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atavaquone and azithromycin
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what part of the country is cytauxzoonosis found?
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southern and SE US
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how do cats die of cytauxzoon?
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monocytes obstruct veins --> ruptured vessels --> DIC and shock
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