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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 DDX for pleural effusion
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CHF
Trauma Chylo/Pyothorax |
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Air bronchogram is an indicator of ?
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Bronchial pattern
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A right lateral radiograph allows you to evaluate which lung?
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Left
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Which view allows you to best evaluate the Cd Pulmonary vessels?
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DV
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Bacterial/Aspiration pneumonia result in a _____ pattern with ____ distribution. Lobes are affected ___. Observation of ___ is highly suggestive of this pattern.
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Interstitial
Cr Ventral assymetrically megaesophagus |
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What causes a pull mediastinal shift?
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Loss of lung mass/thoracic pressure on one side of the thorax which pulls the mediastinum off center.
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Visualization of a soft tissue opacity in the interlobar fissure of the lung is a reliable sign of ___?
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Pleural effusion
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2 Major roentgen signs of a nonstructured interstitial pattern
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difficulty visualizing pulmonary vasculature (increased opacity of the lung field)
diffuse pattern |
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In tracheal collapse, the ___ trachea occurs during the ___ phase of the respiratory cycle.
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intrathoracic; expiration
extrathoracic; inspiration |
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Describe and name 2 DDX for extrapleural mass.
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Outside the pleura but inside or outside the ribcage. Pushes on the lung as seen in VD.
Primary bone tumor Trauma with only external involvement |
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3 DDX for a push force on the mediastinum
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Diaphragmatic Hernia
Unilateral Tension Pneumothorax Neoplasia of the heart or lung |
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Define bronchiectasis.
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End stage inflammatory bronchitis. Bronchioles are irreversibly large. Poor prognosis.
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Why is bronchiectasis important?
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Poor prognosis.
^ risk of pneumonia due to irreversible dilation> ^ risk of chronic pneumonia> Must remain on steroids to prevent inflammatory response causing more damage |
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Distribution of Aspiration Pneumonia
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CrV, symmetric
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Distribution of Pulmonary Contusion
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Local, asymmetric
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Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
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Perihilar, due to back up of blood
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Calcified hilar LN are consistent with ?
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Histoplasmosis
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Patchy to Streaky air opacities within the mediastinum and increased visualization of the vessels therein is consistent with ?
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Pneumomediastinum
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Caudodorsal alveolar pattern on a lateral radiograph is consistent with what?
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Edema
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3 roentgen signs for pleural effusion
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Visualization of interlobar fissures
Widening of the interlobar fissures Overall increased opacity of the lungs |
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Name 3 types of fluid that might be present in a pleural effusion
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Blood
Exhudate Transudate |
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2 DDX for tracheobronchial Lymphadenopathy
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Primary pulmonary neoplasia
Mycotic pneumonia |
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Most common Laryngeal Neoplasias
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SCC
LSA |
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Define Tracheal collapse
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>50% narrowing during respiration
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What is the normal ratio of the trachea to the thoracic inlet for mensuration purposes?
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0.2
.07 - .21 range |
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2 DDX for cranial mediastinal mass in a dog
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Neoplasia
Enlarged LN>early fungal dz |
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How do you differentiate between a pleural and an extrapleural mass?
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Pleural -contained within the lung; will not leave
Extrapleural - distorts pleural and skin surface; may invade bone |
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What type of exposure do you want on thoracic rads?
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High latitude
Low contrast |
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When to use Barium/Iodinated contrast?
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Barium - orally
Iodine - Veins, abdomen |
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What are the roentgen signs of PPDH?
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Enlarged cardiac silhouette (punkin)
Inhomogenous opacity of the cardiac silhouette Silhouetting to the ventral diaphragm +/- pleural effusion |
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Pneumomediastinum can result in Pneumothorax, but not vice versa - True or false?
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True
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Distinguish between a bronchial pattern and an air bronchogram.
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Bronchial pattern - Donuts and railroad tracks
Air bronchogram - Alveolar pattern - Trees in the fog |
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3 DDX for a pulmonary mass
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Neoplasia
Granuloma Abscess Cyst Hematoma |
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3 DDX for an unstructured interstitial pattern
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Metastatic neoplasia; fungal infection - nodular
fibrosis due to chronic lung dz pulmonary edema interstitial hemorrhage/pneumonia |
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What are the 2 functional components of the respiratory system?
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Conduction system
Exchange Interface |
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What roentgen signs might you expect to see with a collapsed Right Middle Lung lobe?
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Medistinal shift of the heart
Increase in opacity due to lack of air |
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2 DDX of a thick wall cavitary lesion?
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Metastatic neoplasia
Pulmonary osteoma Granulomatous disease |
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Name 3 radiographic features of an inspiratory thoracic rad.
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Cardiac/VC/diaphragm triangle can be seen.
Slight elevation of the heart off the sternum cranially so a long triangle can be seen. Lungs are full and darker because of more air |
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Pneumonia most commonly affects
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Cranial and Middle lobes, particularly with aspiration
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