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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Roentgen Signs of PDA
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Aneurysmic dilatation of Proximal Descending Aorta - MOST RELIABLE!!!
PASE LAuE LAE LVE Enlarged Aa and Vv |
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What causes Aneurysmic dilatation of the Proximal Descending Aorta?
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Turbulence from PDA
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Normal feline heart width on lateral
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Lateral Projection
2 to 2.5 ICS wide |
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Normal Canine heart on lateral
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2.5 - 3.5 intercostal spaces
Dobie - pug |
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most consistent indicator of heart dz
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cardiomegaly
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signs of LAtE
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Dorsal displacement of main stem bronchi
Convexity of caudal waist Increased size of caudodorsal border Double opacity sign Separation of main stem bronchi "Bow-legged cowboy”* Left auricular enlargement (LAuE) |
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LVE signs
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Dorsal displacement of the trachea
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RAE signs
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Lateral view
Dorsal Bowing of trachea cranial to carina (J-shape) Convexity of cranial waist Increased prominence in 9:00 - 11:00 region |
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RVE signs
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Lateral view
Increased width of the cardiac silhouette Increased convexity of cranial margin Tracheal changes as in RAE REVERSE D |
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Microcardia signs
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Cardiac silhouette < 2 1/2 intercostal spaces wide – hypovolemia
± wider heart Supporting Roentgen signs Pulmonary hypoperfusion Consistently small caudal vena cava Ddx: dehydration, shock, hypoadrenocorticism |
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Cd VC anomalies
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Small - hypovolemia/shock, normal variation
Enlarged - congestive right heart failure – larger than the aorta = enlarged; Check it on R Lat view |
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aortic enlargement
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Generalized enlargement
Segmental enlargements Aortic arch - 11:00 - 1:00 (VD, DV) Proximal descending aorta (ductus arteriosus) |
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mpas signs
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1:00 - 2:00 region (VD, DV)
Associations Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary outflow tract stenosis Some breeds have normally lg MPAS |
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Definition of LHF
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Definition: Inability of the heart to adequately handle volume of blood returning from pulmonary circulation
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signs of LHF
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Pulmonary Venous Congestion
Pulmonary vessels enlarged veins > arteries, both enlarged, though. Pulmonary Edema (CPE from LHF) caudodorsal / perihylar pulmonary infiltrate interstitial >>> alveolar Left-sided or Generalized Cardiomegaly |
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Definition of RHF
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Definition: Inability of the heart to adequately handle volume of blood returning from systemic circulation
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Signs of RHF
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1: Systemic Venous Congestion
Enlargement of caudal vena cava 2: Visceral Congestion Generalized hepatomegaly 3: 3rd space fluid transudation Canine - ascites predominates Feline - pleural effusion predominates |
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name the 4 Congenital Heart DZ you can DX on rads
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Pulmonic stenosis
Aortic stenosis Patent ductus arteriosus Tetralogy of Fallot |
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PSten - signs
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Valvular > subvalvular >> supravalvular
Right heart enlargement (RVE +/- RAE) Main Pulmonary Artery Segment (PAS) enlargement Normal to small pulmonary vessels Right heart failure REVERSE D |
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A Sten signs
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Subvalvular lesion
LVE, +\- LAE Elongation of the cardiac silhouette Bulge in 3:00 – 5:00 area Increased prominence of aortic arch Bulge in cranial waist (lateral) Widening of 11:00 - 1:00 area (VD/DV) |
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PDA signs
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Shunt from aorta to PA
LVE, LAE, LAuE Aneurysmal dilatation of proximal descending aorta PAS enlargement Normal to large pulmonary vessels Left heart failure |
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4 irregularities of TOFF
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Pulmonic Stenosis
High VSD Overriding Aorta Right Ventricular Hypertrophy |
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Signs of TOFF
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RVE
Boot-shaped heart (cor sabot) Main PAS variably enlarged Small pulmonary vessels |
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RGS HWD
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Pulmonary arterial changes
RVE, RAE Enlarged PAS Pulmonary infiltrates PIE - like PTE Right heart failure |
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RGS Endocardiosis
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Atrioventricular (AV) valvular insufficiency
Left AV (mitral) valve - (MI) Right AV (tricuspid) valve - (TI) Right and Left AV valves (MI/TI) Mitral Insufficiency (MI) LAE, LVE Left heart failure Tricuspid Insufficiency (TI) RAE, RVE Right heart failure Right and Left AV Valves (MI/TI) Generalized cardiomegaly Right and/or left CHF SMALL BREEDS |
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RGS DCM
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Generalized cardiomegaly
typically left side predominant LAE and LAuE Left, LG Breeds |
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Feline DCM RGS
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Generalized Cardiomegaly
Heart failure right predominant pleural effusion hepatomegaly |
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Feline HCM RGS
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Left cardiomegaly predominant
"Valentine-shaped" heart – not reliable! LAE, LAuE, RAE +/- ventricular enlargement Heart failure Left CHF predominant +/- Right CHF (pleural effusion) |
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Pericardial Effusion RGS
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Spherically enlarged, globoid cardiac silhouette
Lack of discreet chamber definition Differentiate from generalized cardiomegaly ONLY Right heart failure (R Heart wall waaaay thinner) Additional imaging Echocardiogram nonselective angiogram NO MURMUR DUE TO PE |
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PPDH RGS
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Gas-containing bowel loops
Silhouette heart / cupola of diaphragm "small liver” Sternal deformity Additional Imaging Ultrasound Contrast Studies Upper GI Pneumoperitoneum |
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What congenital heart malfom'n may appear RGS normal? Typical breed?
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ASten Great Dane
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Most reliable sign of PDA?
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Aneurysmic dilatation of the proximal descending aorta
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