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25 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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most common cause of primary amenorrhea?
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turners syndrome
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most common cause of secondary ammenorhea?
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polycystic ovarian disease
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Amenorrhea in the presence of a high fsh?
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primary ovarian failure
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fsh level >35 c/w primary ovarian failure
fsh level 20-35 c/w low ovarian reserve |
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basic lab workup for amenorrhea?
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tsh, fsh, lh, tsh, free thyroxine levels prolactin levels
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In patients younger than 30 with primary amenorrhea, what test should be done?
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karyotyping of skin or blood to rule out turner syndrome
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Diagnosis of diabetes made by what standards
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random plasma glucose >200mg/dl, a fasting glucose >126mg/dl, 2 hour glucose tolerance test >200mg/dl.
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Anti0glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, anti islet cell autoantigen 512 antibodies and anti insulin antibodies can be found in what disorder?
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type 1 diabetes
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Older patients who develop diabetes who are lean, have autoimmune markers, and evidence of lower insulin secretory capacity?
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late onset autoimmune diabetes of adulthood
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Metabolic Syndrome criteria:
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waist circumfereance >35 inches in women >40 inches in men, bp >130/85, fasting glucose >100, hdl <50 in women <40 in men tg >150
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Which women should be screened for gestational diabetes? When should they be retested?
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high risk ethnic group, obese, +FH diabetes, h/o gestational diabetes, glucosuria
six weeks after delivery first screen at 24-28 gestation. |
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Metabolic targets for nonpregnant patients with diabetes:
Hba1c? preprandial plasma glucose? bp? LDL? HDL? Triglycerides? |
Hba1c<7, preprandial glucose 70-130, postprandial blood glucose <180, bp <130/80 ldl<100, hdl>40 in men >50 in women, triglycerides <150 mg/dl.
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Which antidiabetes drugs are "no hypoglycemia" drugs?
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metformin, exenatide, pioglitazone, sitagliptin, colesevelam
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If a patient is failing metoformin and a sulfonylurea, what is the next step?
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add a third agent such as pioglitazone or insulin
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Antidiabetes medications associated with a decrease in HbA1c of 1% or more?
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pioglitazone, metformin, exenatide
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Rapid acting insulins include:
When do they peak? How long do they last? |
lispro, aspart, glulisine
peak 1-2 hours last 3-5 hours |
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Regular insulin peaks when?
Lasts how long? |
peaks in 2-4 hours,
last 4-8 hours |
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Intermediate acting insulin peaks when? Lasts how long?
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peaks 4-10 hours,
lasts 10-18 hours NPH; usually given bipd |
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Which insulins are long acting?
When do they peak? How long do they last? |
Glargine and Detemir
They do not peak glargine lasts 24 hours detemir lasts 12-24 hours k |
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If someone has the "dawn phenomenon" (an increase in blood glucose levels between 4-8 a.m.) what adjustments in insulin should be done?
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Give NPH at bedtime because it peaks at 4-10hours and last 10-18 hours
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In those with prediabetes, what adjustments should be made to prevent diabetes?
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exercise, weight reduction of 7%, initiation of metformin in high risk patients
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What anti-diabetes medications are safe in pregnancy?
What are the target values for pregnancy? |
sulfonylureas, metformin, insulin
fasting glucose 60-90mg/dl, one hour postprandial glucose <120mg/dl. |
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Glucose goals for critically ill patients with diabetes?
Noncritically ill patients? |
140-180mg/dl
<140mg/dl premeal <180 mg/dl random |
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Who should be considered for laser photocoagulation (in diabetes?)
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those with proliferative retinopathy or macular edema
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What drugs have been shown to attenuate the onset of diabetic nephropathy?
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ARBS and ACEI given to diabetics with albumineria even if bp is normal has been shown to attenuate onset of diabetic nephropathy
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All diabetics >40 years of age are advised to take what medication?
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aspirin 81-325mg /day
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