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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What "Green Operations" are available?
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Shoot thinning
Shoot positioning Shoot Topping Hedging Green thinning Leaf Pulling |
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What are ways to do shoot thinning?
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select desired shoot number
relieve congestion |
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Types of hedging.
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vertical
horizontal |
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Shoot topping
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promotes lateral growth
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Green thinning
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Cluster management
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Leaf thinning
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Add light to the fruit zone
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What is pruning?
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Removal of seasonal growth for:
* Removing a number of buds * Prepare the vine for the next season's growth |
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Three families of pruning:
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cane
spur minimal |
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Two vehicles for staging buds.
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cane
spur |
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Cane pruning characteristics
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leaves fertile buds from the mid-section
assures the number of buds hard to assure number of shoots reduces carbohydrate reserve (no cordon) |
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Characteristics of spur pruning.
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Even growth-carb reserves stored in cordon
Spurs can die leaving gaps Simple-easy to do and teach |
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What is canopy management?
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Management of the growing leaves to:
-control vigor -optimize fruit quality. |
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3 trellis configurations
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Single vertical plane
Double vertical plane Non vertical |
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Gobolet (head trained)
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Shoots left untrained
Hard to mechanize Can lead to vigor or congestion at the head |
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Characteristics of Cordon training
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Permanent vertical or horizontal
Vehicle for GDC, Lyre, VSP Cordons can be used with canes such as Sylvoz |
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Training Method Differences
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See slide 7 in Week 7 Part 2
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Minimal Pruning
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-spur training
-leaves all buds at all nodes - balances in time -short shoots -small clusters -small berries -good light exposure -good mechanization |
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Geneva Double Curtain
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-spur training
-reducing shade within a dense canopy -cordons trained out perpendicular -spurs produce fruiting canes that hang -easily mechanized -deep fertile soils -increased protection from frost -medium to high vigor |
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Lyre
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-spur training
-like GDC but not as high and canes grow upward -medium to high vigor |
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Scott Henry
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-spur & cane training
-double guyot style -Four canes from the cordon -good for mechanical harvesting -improve fruit quality and yield from over-vigorous vines |
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Vertical Shoot Positioned (VSP) Trellis
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-cane & spur training
-fruiting canes are trained upwards from the trunk -canes may be trimmed off at the top -highly mechanizable -low vigor |
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Guyot
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-cane & spur training
-easy to learn -one cane preserved each year, for the generation of next years many fruiting canes -one spur, which is for the generation of the replacement cane |
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Double Guyot
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-cane & spur training
two canes and two spurs, the canes being trained in opposite directions along wires. |
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What is canopy management?
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Managing growth through
selection of variety and rootstock Training and trellising techniques. |
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Shoot thinning
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permits choosing desired number of shoots
reduces congestion in the canopy |
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Sucker thinning
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-shoots growing off the zone below the rootstock graft or along the scion
trunk tend only to steal energy from the vine–removal focuses growth in desired areas ‐ an excess of suckers can indicate imbalance‐too few buds/shoots |
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Hedging
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topping the growing apexes
hedging back the bushy leaves on a vine |
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Shoot positioning
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- stages the canopy to take advantage of available light
- Fruit zone light environment and congestion can be impacted |
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Green thinning
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- select appropriate number of clusters per shoot
- later pass at veraison to remove clusters that failed to color properly |
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Leaf pulling
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- assist in modifying the fruit zone light or air microclimate.
- reduce disease pressure - reduce the accumulated green flavored pyrazines - encourage the accumulation of some flavor compounds |
