Viticulture Week 3

Front 1

* Name the 3 major parts of grape vines.

Back 1

Roots: frame roots, smaller permanent roots, fibrous absorptive roots

Permanent woody structures ‐ vine trunk, cordon (this wood remains for many years)

Annual Growth: shoots, fruits, tendrils, leaves

Front 2

* Detail the vitus vinifera growth pattern.

Back 2

3 - 3 - 1
3 - 4 - 1
4 - 4 - 1

First part:
O-A
A-O
O-

Thereafter:
A-O
O-?
O-
O-?
?-O
O-
?-O
O-?
O-

Front 3

What are the major components of the bud?

Back 3

Primary Bud
Secondary Bud
Tertiary Bud
Leaf Primordium
Inflorescence Primordium
Vegitative Axis

Contains all the potential for the resulting vine.

Front 4

* Define Ecophysiology.

Back 4

The interaction of the vine with its environment

Front 5

* Name the major ecophysiological inputs.

Back 5

Water balance

Temperatures – Light

Nutrients (largely nitrogen)

Gasses (CO2, O2)

Front 6

* Name the 3 levels of climate.

Back 6

Macroclimate: the regional climatic trends

Mesoclimate: the climate of a specific site (even in a suitable macroclimate a north facing slope isn’t a good mesoclimate)

Microclimate: referring to the climate of a very small area‐ perhaps even just a few inches‐ canopy microclimate or fruit zone microclimate

Front 7

* Macroclimate:

Back 7

the regional climatic trends

Front 8

* Mesoclimate:

Back 8

the climate of a specific site (even in a suitable macroclimate a north facing slope isn’t a good mesoclimate)

Front 9

* Microclimate:

Back 9

referring to the climate of a very small area‐ perhaps even just a few inches‐ canopy microclimate or fruit zone microclimate

Front 10

What weather/climate data is measured, and how?

Back 10

• Temperature (both daily and accumulated)

• Number of frost free days.

• Precipitation (plant water status, runoff, leaching nutrients)

• Humidity (vapor pressure difference‐ also disease pressure)

• Wind speed‐ vine damage, drying, desiccation, disease pressure

• Sometimes‐ light, (for photosynthesis mostly in research though)

Front 11

Daily vineyard temperature is combined with a ________ ______.

Back 11

temperature index.

Front 12

* Degree Day Summary

Back 12

Degree Day Summary=[(T°Max+T°Min)÷2]‐50°

Grapevines require temperatures of over 50° F in order to grow. Accumulations below 50° are not included in the summary

Front 13

* What is Huglin known for?

Back 13

Determined the degree day requirements for the different grape varieties.

Front 14

What is the Winkler scale?

Back 14

With Amerine at UC Davis established climatic zones divided by degree day accumulation which correspond with the grape varieties which can be best grown in those regions.

Front 15

List the GDD for WA AVAs.

Back 15

Red Mountain - 3189
Wahluke Slope - 3057
Horse Heaven Hills - 3034

Columbia Gorge - 2973
Rattlesnake Hills - 2891
Walla Walla - 2844
Chelan - 2798
Yakima Valley - 2675

Snipes Mountain - 2535
Puget Sound - 1615

Front 16

* What are Alpha and Beta zones?

Back 16

• Alpha zones are where the average temp is below 59°F (15°C) in the month before ripening

• Beta zones are where the average temp is above 59°F (15°C) in the month before ripening

Front 17

Alpha zones require special attention to detail to ripen fruit‐

Back 17

efficient canopies

balanced yield and growth

open fruit zones to air and light

Front 18

* According to the formulation of Jackson an area is either Alpha or Beta depending on ________.

Back 18

the major varieties grown in that district

Front 19

* What is the role of N?

Back 19

Crucial component of amino acids which are the building blocks for organisms.

All enzymes, nucleic acids, proteins, chlorophyll and other pigments contain nitrogen

Front 20

* Declaring a zone as Alpha or Beta is dependent on ______.

Back 20

Varietal ripening.