Water-Soluble Vitamins From Reviewer

Front 1

Vitamin C

Back 1

Antiscorbutic factor

Cevitamic acid

Hexuronic acid

Front 2

Vitamin C

Back 2

Most unstable vitamin

Front 3

Adrenal gland and retina of the eyes

Back 3

Vitamin C has high concentrations in the ______ and ______.

Front 4

Watery stools or diarrhea

Back 4

Unabsorbed vitamin C can lead to ____ or ____

Front 5

Blood

Back 5

Vitamin C is free flowing and transported through the ____

Front 6

Vitamin C

Back 6

Prevents oxidation of Vitamin A, Folic Acid, PUFA and THF

Front 7

Vitamin C

Back 7

Increases Iron and Calcium absorption

Front 8

Vitamin C

Back 8

Increases utilization of Iron, Calcium and Folic Acid

Front 9

Vitamin C

Back 9

Collagen formation

Carnitine synthesis

Hormone and neurotransmitter synthesis

Immunity

Amino acid metabolism

Antioxidant

Front 10

Scurvy

Back 10

Deficiency of vitamin C causes ___

Front 11

35mg

Back 11

Smoking increases Vitamin C requirements by __mg

Front 12

Male: 70mg

Female: 60mg

Back 12

Vitamin C RENI for adult male & female (mg)

Front 13

Vitamin B1

Back 13

Anti-neuritic factor

Anti-beriberi factor

Front 14

Thiamin

Back 14

Has both sulfur and nitrogen

Front 15

TPP (thiamin pyrophosphate)

Back 15

___ in food must be dephosphorylated to thiamin

Front 16

Muscles

Back 16

1/2 of thiamin in the body is stored in the __

Front 17

Vitamin B1

Back 17

Energy transformation thru oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate & alpha ketoglutarate

NADH & pentose synthesis thru TPP in hexose monophosphate shunt

Front 18

Vitamin B1

Back 18

Membrane & nerve conductionTransketolationConversion of tryptophan to niacinRegulation of appetite and muscle tone

Front 19

Beriberi (wet, dry, infantile)

Back 19

Deficiency in thiamin and types

Front 20

Wernicke korsakoff syndrome

Back 20

Beriberi deficiency usually among alcohol abusers

Front 21

Thiamin

Back 21

Alcoholism

Pregnancy

Sulfonamide drugs

Sugars, starch, refined grains

These increase requirement for __

Front 22

Fat

Back 22

Thiamin requirement decreases as __ intake increases

Front 23

Male: 1.2 mg

Female: 1.1 mg

Back 23

Adult male & female RENI for Thiamin (mg)

Front 24

Niacin

Back 24

Nicotinamide acid

Nicotinamide

Niacinamide

Pellagra-preventive factor

Front 25

Niacin

Back 25

Converted to NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH

Front 26

60 mg dietary tryptophan = 1 mg niacin

Back 26

__ mg dietary tryptophan = __ mg niacin

Front 27

Niacin

Back 27

Energy release of CPF

DNA formation thru protein, fat and pentose synthesis

Electron acceptor in catabolic reactions

Synthesis of FA, chol, steroid, glutamate, deoxyribonucleotide)

Front 28

Pellagra

Back 28

Niacin deficiency

Front 29

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

Back 29

4Ds of pellagra

Front 30

Niacin

Back 30

Deficiency occurs to those with diets that rely mostly on untreated maize and barley and chronic alcoholics

Front 31

Male: 16mg NE

Female: 14mg NE

Back 31

Niacin RENI of Adult male & female (mg NE)

Front 32

Vitamin B5

Back 32

Pantothenic acid

Pantotheine

Pantothenol

Anti-chromotrichial factor

Front 33

B5

Back 33

Stable in moist heat but unstable in dry heat

Front 34

Calcium pantothenate

Back 34

Synthetic crystalline form of B5 usually in dietary supplements

Front 35

B5

Back 35

Vitamin which is a part of CoA

Front 36

B5

Back 36

Acetylation reactions (CoA cpt)

Energy production from CPF

Fat, chol, steroid synthesis

Front 37

B5

Back 37

Formation of heme grp in hemoglobin

Synthesis of acetyl choline for nerve impulse transmission

Branched chain AA metabolism

Maintenance and repair of tissues and cdlls of skin, hair, wounds, lesions

Front 38

Pantheine

Back 38

Cpt of b5 that normalizes blood lipid profiles

Front 39

B5

Back 39

Very rare to be deficient, can cause failure of all organ systems and burning feet syndrome

Front 40

B5

Back 40

Requirements are increased for alcoholics, DM and ulcerative colitis pxs

Front 41

B6

Back 41

Pyridoxine

Pyridoxal

Pyridoxamine

Front 42

Pyridoxic acid

Back 42

B6 is degraded into ___ acid to be excreted in the urine

Front 43

PLP (Pyridoxal 5 phosphate)

Back 43

Active form of B6 used to make non essential AA

Front 44

B6

Back 44

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) is an antagonist of __

Front 45

B6

Back 45

Coenzyme of 60+ enzymes

Transamination & deamination carboxylation

Carpal tunnel syndrome

PMS

Front 46

B6

Back 46

Synthesis of neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and delta-amino levulinic acid (heme precursor)

Conversion of tryptophan to niacin

Front 47

B6

Back 47

Ethanolamine & taurine production

MUFA & PUFA metabolism

Glucocorticoid action

Front 48

Microcytic anemia

Back 48

Deficiency in B6 leads to ______

Front 49

Male: 1.3-1.7mg

Female: 1.3-1.6mg

Back 49

Adult RENI of B6 for Male & Female (mg)

Front 50

B6

Back 50

Requirements increase if taking oral contraceptives, on dialysis, breastfed infants, elderly and alcoholics

Front 51

INH and Penicillamine

Back 51

B6 requirements increase if taking ___ (B6 antagonist and medicine for tuberculosis) and ___ (medicine for wilson's disease, cystinuria, rheumatoid arthritis)

Front 52

B9 Folate

Back 52

Citrovorum factor

Pteroyl glutamic acid

Lactobacillus casei factor

Vitamin M

Vitamin Bc

Factor U

Front 53

PGA (pteroylmonoglutamic acid)

Back 53

Simplest form of folate

Front 54

THF

Back 54

PGA, when combined with Vitamin C and Niacin, converts to __

Front 55

B9 Folate

Back 55

Coenzyme when in THF form

AA synthesis

Conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine

Formation of heme grp in hemoglobin

Front 56

B9 folate

Back 56

Formation of purine & pyrimidine bases for DNA & RNA

Formation of choline from ethanolamine

Conversion of niacin to N-methyl nicotinamide for excretion

Front 57

B9 folate

Back 57

For breast cancer and pancreatic illness

Protect heart from homocysteine which causes blood clotting

Front 58

Vitamin C

Back 58

Oxidation of folate is prevented by __

Front 59

Vitamin B12

Back 59

Folate is aided by ___ to form methionine from homocysteine

Front 60

Zinc

Back 60

Increase in folate supplement decreases absorption of __

Front 61

Folate

Back 61

Deficiency usually occurs when diet lacks green leafy veg and legumes

Front 62

Folate

Back 62

Deficiency can cause neural tube defects for baby like spina bifida or anecephaly

Front 63

B12

Back 63

Decrease in ___ also decreases folate because __ can't donate methyl group to convert folate to its active form

Front 64

Megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia

Back 64

Decrease in folate can cause __ or __ anemia

Front 65

400ug DFE

Back 65

RENI of Adult male & female for folate

Front 66

1ug DFE = 0.6ug synthetic folic acid = 0.5ug synthetic folic acid taken on empty stomach

Back 66

1ug DFE = __ug synthetic folic acid = __ug synthetic folic acid taken on empty stomach

Front 67

B12 cobalamin

Back 67

Anti-pernicious anemia factor

Erythrocyte maturation factor

Animal pro factor

Front 68

Corrinoids

Back 68

___ or cobalamins has a cobalt atom in its nucleus center

Front 69

Cyanocobalamin

Back 69

Pharmaceutical form of B12

Front 70

Cobalamin

Back 70

Active form of b12

Front 71

Trypsin

Back 71

B12 is digested by enzyme __

Front 72

B12

Back 72

It combines with intrinsic factor (IF) in the stomach

Front 73

B12

Back 73

Absorption rate decreases if intake increases, aging d/t lack of gastric acid, with B6 deficiency d/t lack of released IF, Iron deficiency, hyperthyroidism, gastritis, taking anticonvulsants & antibiotics

Front 74

B12

Back 74

DNA synthesis

Cell growth & division

Myelin synthesis

Front 75

B12

Back 75

Conversion of malonyl CoA to succinyl CoA

Homocysteine to methionine via methyl group donation

Conversion of folate to active form for DNA synthesis

Front 76

Pernicious anemia

Back 76

B12 deficiency leads to ____ d/t IF deficiency

Front 77

B12

Back 77

Deficiency can cause neurologic changes due to demyelination

Front 78

B12

Back 78

Deficiency commonly in elderly, alcoholics, gastrectomy patients and vegans because it's naturally found in animal and animal products

Front 79

2.4ug for both

Back 79

Adult RENI of male & female for B12 (ug)

Front 80

Biotin

Back 80

Anti-egg white injury factor

Bios I

Front 81

Biotin

Back 81

Vitamin HCoenzyme RVitamin B7

Front 82

Biocytin

Back 82

Biologically active derivative of biotin produced in stomach

Front 83

Avidin

Back 83

Protein in raw egg whites that inactivates biotin by binding with it, making it unable to be utilized

Front 84

Upper small intestine

Back 84

Biotin is absorbed in the upper __

Front 85

Biotin

Back 85

Coenzyme of carboxylates (pyruvate in gluconeogenesis, acetyl CoA in FA synthesis, and both propionyl CoA and Beta-methyl crotonyl CoA or MCC in AA metab)

Front 86

Biotin

Back 86

Deamination of aspartic acid, threonine and serine

Synthesis of pancreatic amylase & nicotinic acid

Front 87

Biotin

Back 87

Formation of antibodies

Fat & protein metabolism of hair roots, fingernails, skin

Front 88

Biotin

Back 88

Deficiency is rare and can be caused by genetic defect or consumption of 6 or more raw eggs daily

Front 89

Biotin

Back 89

Increase requirements if with achlorydia, alcoholism, increase in egg white consumption, sulfonamide therapy, pregnant, lactating, epileptic, elderly