Vitamins First Aid 2007

Front 1

fat soluble vitamins

Back 1

ADEK

Front 2

toxicity more common: fat or h2o soluble vitamins

Back 2

fat soluble - can accumulate in fat

Front 3

syndromes that cause fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies

Back 3

malabsorption syndromes (steatorrhea) like CF, sprue, or by mineral oil intake

Front 4

water soluble vitamins

Back 4

b1 (thiamine), b2(riboflavin), b3(niacin), b5 (pantochenic acid), b6 (pyridoxine), b12 (cobalamine), C, biotin, folate

Front 5

B-complex deficiences result in.....

Back 5

dermatitis, glossitis, diarrhea

Front 6

vitamin A aka

Back 6

retinol

Front 7

vitamin A function

Back 7

-constituents of visual pigments (retinal)
-cofactor for PTH
-CSF component

Front 8

deficiency of vitamins A

Back 8

night blindness
dry skin
hypoparathyroidism

Front 9

vitamin A excess

Back 9

arthalgia
fatigue
ha
skin changes
sore throat
alopecia
hyperparathyroidism
pseudotumor cerebri

Front 10

B1 aka

Back 10

thiamine

Front 11

function of b1

Back 11

in TPP(thiamine pyrophophate)
cofactor for oxidative phosphorylation
cofactor for transketolase

Front 12

thiamine deficiency

Back 12

beri beri
wenike-korsakoff syndrome

Front 13

dry beri beri

Back 13

polyneuritis, muscle wasting

Front 14

wet beri beri

Back 14

high output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)
edema

Front 15

part of brain affected by wernike's encephalopathy

Back 15

posterior temporal lobe

Front 16

thiamine deficiciency is common in what populations?

Back 16

malnourished
alcoholics

Front 17

what part of brain affected by wernike-korsakoff?

Back 17

mamillary bodies

Front 18

b2 aka

Back 18

riboflavin

Front 19

function of b2

Back 19

cofactor in oxidation/reduction (ex fadh2)

Front 20

b2 deficiency

Back 20

angular cheilosis,
stomatosis,
corneal vascularization

Front 21

b3 aka

Back 21

niacin

Front 22

function of b3

Back 22

constiuent of Nad+ Nadp+ (used in redox reactions)

Front 23

aa that b3 is derived from

Back 23

tryptophan

Front 24

b3 deficiencies

Back 24

pallegra/hartnup disease
malignant carcinoid
INH use

Front 25

pallegra's 3 d's

Back 25

dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
(also beefy glossitis)

Front 26

hartnup's disease

Back 26

decreased tryptophan absorption at kidneys

Front 27

vitamin that b3 uses in its synthesis

Back 27

b6

Front 28

b5 aka

Back 28

pantothenic acid

Front 29

b5 function

Back 29

constituent of coA (cofactor for acyl transferase)
constituent of FA synthesis
dehydrogenases

Front 30

b5 deficiency

Back 30

dermatitis
enteritis
alopecia
adrenal insufficiency

Front 31

b6 aka

Back 31

pyridoxine

Front 32

b6 function

Back 32

transamination (when converted to pyridoxal phosphate)
heme synthesis

Front 33

b6 deficiency

Back 33

convulsions
hyperirritability
peripheral neuropathy
sideroblastic anemia

Front 34

what drugs induce b6 deficiency

Back 34

inh
oral contraceptives

Front 35

vitamin b12 aka

Back 35

cobalamin

Front 36

b12 function

Back 36

cofactor for homocysteine methylation
cofactor for methyl-malonyl coA handling

Front 37

homocysteine + N-methyl THF
-->

Back 37

Methionine + THF

Front 38

methylmalonyl coA + b12

Back 38

succinyl coA

Front 39

B12 storage

Back 39

at liver (acts like fat soluble)- only h20 soluble vitamin that doesn't wash out quickly

Front 40

b12 synthesis

Back 40

via microorganisms

Front 41

detects b12 defieciency

Back 41

schilling test

Front 42

what is the source of b12

Back 42

only in animal products

Front 43

b12 deciency

Back 43

megaloblastic anemia + neuropathy (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, parasthesia) - due to abn myelin
glossitis

Front 44

causes of b12 deficiency

Back 44

malabsorption syndromes - sprue, enteritis, d. latum
lack of intrinsic factor - pernicious anemia
absent terminal ileum - chron's disease

Front 45

abnormal myelin seen in b12 decifiency

Back 45

not enough methionine
too much methyl-malonic acid
(from metabolism of accumulated methyl-malonyl coA)

Front 46

what tracts are affected by b12 defiency

Back 46

the longest ones, cs and dc

Front 47

function of folic acid

Back 47

coenzyme (as tetrahydrofolate) for 1-C transfer
in methylation reactions
synthesis of purines/thymidine

Front 48

1st vitamin to run out with rapidly dividing cells

Back 48

folate

Front 49

source of folate

Back 49

green leafy vegetables

Front 50

most common vitamin deficiency in USA

Back 50

folate

Front 51

folate deficiency

Back 51

megaloblastic anemia (- neuropathy)
neural tube defects
homocysteinuria

Front 52

folic acid precursor in bacteria

Back 52

paba

Front 53

drugs that are paba analogs

Back 53

sulfa drugs
dapsone

Front 54

function of biotin

Back 54

carboxylation (ex clotting factors)
pyruvate -> OAcetate
AcoA -> malonyl-coA
propionyl-coA -> methylmalonyl-coA

Front 55

causes of biotin deficiency

Back 55

ingest raw eggs
antibiotic use

Front 56

biotin deficiency

Back 56

dermatitis
enteritis

Front 57

function of vitamin c

Back 57

hydroxylation Pro/Lys in collagen synthesis
iron absorption (Fe2+)
cofactor for catecholamine synthesis (dop -> ne)
antioxidant at gut

Front 58

milk vit d

Back 58

ergocalciferol

Front 59

sun-exposed skin vit d

Back 59

cholecalciferol

Front 60

storage form of vit d

Back 60

25-oh d3

Front 61

what tracts are affected by b12 defiency

Back 61

the longest ones, cs and dc

Front 62

function of folic acid

Back 62

coenzyme (as tetrahydrofolate) for 1-C transfer
in methylation reactions
synthesis of purines/thymidine

Front 63

1st vitamin to run out with rapidly dividing cells

Back 63

folate

Front 64

source of folate

Back 64

green leafy vegetables

Front 65

most common vitamin deficiency in USA

Back 65

folate

Front 66

folate deficiency

Back 66

megaloblastic anemia (- neuropathy)
neural tube defects
homocysteinuria

Front 67

folic acid precursor in bacteria

Back 67

paba

Front 68

drugs that are paba analogs

Back 68

sulfa drugs
dapsone

Front 69

function of biotin

Back 69

carboxylation (ex clotting factors)
pyruvate -> OAcetate
AcoA -> malonyl-coA
propionyl-coA -> methylmalonyl-coA

Front 70

causes of biotin deficiency

Back 70

ingest raw eggs
antibiotic use

Front 71

biotin deficiency

Back 71

dermatitis
enteritis

Front 72

function of vitamin c

Back 72

hydroxylation Pro/Lys in collagen synthesis
iron absorption (Fe2+)
cofactor for catecholamine synthesis (dop -> ne)
antioxidant at gut

Front 73

milk vit d

Back 73

ergocalciferol

Front 74

sun-exposed skin vit d

Back 74

cholecalciferol

Front 75

storage form of vit d

Back 75

25-oh d3

Front 76

active form of vitamin D

Back 76

1,25 (oh) d3

Front 77

vitamin D function

Back 77

increases intestinal absorption of ca/p

Front 78

vit d deficiencies

Back 78

rickets - kids
osteomalacia - adults
hypocalcemic tetany
vid. d resistant rickets

Front 79

lateral bowing (bending bones)

Back 79

vit. d deficiency

Front 80

soft bones in an adult

Back 80

osteomalacia

Front 81

vit d excess

Back 81

hypercalcemia
stupor, loss of appetite

Front 82

systemic disease with a lot of vit. d

Back 82

sarcoidosis - epithelioid mac's convert vit. d into its active form

Front 83

function of vitamin E

Back 83

antioxidant at blood
skin, eyes, hair

Front 84

vit. e deficiency

Back 84

hemolytic anemia - increased fragility of rbc's
neurodysfunction

Front 85

vit. defiiciency with retinopathy and alzheimers

Back 85

vit. e deficiency

Front 86

functions of Fe

Back 86

hb
supports etc (complex 3 and 4)

Front 87

most abundant mineral

Back 87

calcium

Front 88

ca function

Back 88

EC Ca- contraction of atria
IC ca - all muscles
bone development
neuronal development (nt release)

Front 89

Cu function

Back 89

hydroxylation of Lysine

Front 90

Cu deficiency

Back 90

minky kinky hair

Front 91

cu toxicity

Back 91

wilson's disease

Front 92

treatment of wilson's

Back 92

penicillamine

Front 93

keiser fleisher rings

Back 93

wilson's disease

Front 94

deficiency in cu toxicity

Back 94

ceruloplasmin

Front 95

mineral for insulin action

Back 95

chromium

Front 96

mineral for heart; toxicity causes garlic breath

Back 96

selenium

Front 97

xanthine oxidase

Back 97

manganese

Front 98

important minerals for glycolysis

Back 98

manganese and molebdenium

Front 99

Mg function

Back 99

cofactor of kinases
cofactor of pth

Front 100

hair growth

Back 100

tin

Front 101

bone/teeth growth

Back 101

fluoride

Front 102

catalyzes gamme carboxylation of gluatmic acid residues

Back 102

vitamin k

Front 103

vitamins related to the gut flora

Back 103

biotin
folate
vit. k (90%)
pantothenic acid
helps absorb b12

Front 104

neonatal hemorrhage with high PT and high PTT but normal bleeding time

Back 104

vit. k
(bc neonates have sterile intestines, so can't synthesize vitamin K)

Front 105

mineral predisposes to alcoholic cirrhosis

Back 105

zinc

Front 106

delayed wound healing + hypogonadism + dysgusia + decreased adult hair

Back 106

zinc deficiency

Front 107

vitamin for blood and neural development

Back 107

folate

Front 108

vitamin for blood and cns development

Back 108

cobalamine

Front 109

night blindness + dry skin

Back 109

vit A deficiency

Front 110

arthralgia + fatigue + ha + skin changes + sore throat + alopecia

Back 110

vit A excess

Front 111

moans, bones, groans, stones

Back 111

vit. a excess

Front 112

beri beri

Back 112

thiamine deficiency

Front 113

wenike-korsakoff

Back 113

thiamine deficiency

Front 114

for oxidative decarboxylation of alpha keto acids, pyruvate, branched chained aa, and transketolase

Back 114

thiamine

Front 115

polyneuritis, muscle wasting

Back 115

dry beri beri

Front 116

high output cardiac failure

Back 116

wet beri beri

Front 117

corneal vascularization + magenta tongue

Back 117

riboflavin deficiency

Front 118

carcinoid syndrome

Back 118

b3 deficiency

Front 119

diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis

Back 119

pellegra with b3 deficiency

Front 120

increased tryptophan metabolism

Back 120

carcinoid syndrome - b12 deficiency

Front 121

dermatitis + alopecia + enteritis + adrenal insufficiency

Back 121

pantothenic acid deficiency

Front 122

constiuent of coenzyme A

Back 122

pantothenic acid

Front 123

component of fatty acid synthesis and dehydrogenases

Back 123

pantothenic acid

Front 124

transamination

Back 124

pyridoxine

Front 125

heme synthesis

Back 125

pyridoxine

Front 126

megaloblastic anemia + neuropathy

Back 126

b12 deficiency

Front 127

cofactor for homocysteine methylation

Back 127

cobalamine

Front 128

methylmalonyl-coa handling

Back 128

cabalamine

Front 129

abnormal myelin

Back 129

cobalamine

Front 130

megaloblastic anemia (without neurologic symptoms)

Back 130

folate

Front 131

coenzyme for tetrahydrofolate (1 c transfer)

Back 131

folate

Front 132

methylation reactions

Back 132

folate

Front 133

synthesis of N bases

Back 133

folate

Front 134

in egg whites

Back 134

biotin

Front 135

scurvy

Back 135

ascorbic acid

Front 136

facilitates iron absorption

Back 136

ascorbic acid

Front 137

used in synthesis of catecholamines

Back 137

ascorbic acid

Front 138

deficiency causes increased fragility of erythrocytes

Back 138

vit. E

Front 139

antioxidant at blood

Back 139

E