Vitamins And Mineral Deficiencies

Front 1

1. neurologic (weakness, seizures, coma)
2. leukocyte/platelet dysfunction, hemolytic anemia
3. rhabdomyolysis
4. Respiratory failure (diaphragm function)—hard to ween from ventilator
5. Cardiac dysfunction

may result from refeeding syndrome...

Back 1

Hypophosphatemia

Front 2

1. Involuntary muscle Twitching=Tetany, weakness
2. Arrhythmias
3. Hypocalcemia

Back 2

Hypomagnesemia

Front 3

1. Tetany
2. Chvostek’s sign- tapping cheek causes facial muscle spasm
3. Trosseau’s sign- inflating blood pressure cuff causes forearm muscle spasm—hand curls in towards body
4. Arrhythmias
5. Metabolic bone disease

Back 3

Hypocalcemia

Front 4

1. Muscle Weakness/myositis
2. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
3. Collagen Vascular Disease

Back 4

Selenium Deficiency

Front 5

hyperglycemia, peripheral neuropathy (seen in diabetics), encephalopathy

Back 5

chromium deficiency

Front 6

1. scaly red rash on face, groin, hands= acrodermatitis
2. poor wound healing
3. stunted growth

Back 6

Zinc deficiency

Front 7

1. Hypochromic, microcytic anemia with vacuoles in nucleated cells
2. Myelopathy-spasticity, hyperreflexia, weakness

Back 7

Copper deficiency

Front 8

1. hypochromic microcytic anemia
2. Fatigue
3. Spooning of nails
4. Pica

Back 8

Iron deficiency

Front 9

1. Perifollicular hemorrhages
2. Kinked hair
3. Gingival hemorrhage with loose teeth
4. Splinter hemorrhage (nails)
5. Ecchymosis, joint and tissue bleeding
6. Abnormal bone formation (kids)

Back 9

Vitamin C/Ascorbic Acid Deficiency = Scurvy

Front 10

1. Wet Beriberi- edema, ascites, CHF
2. Dry Beriberi- Nervous System
• Peripheral: sensory and motor loss, loss of reflexes
• CNS:
o Wernicke’s encephalopathy (reversible): Nystagmus, cerebellar ataxia, opthamoplegia (eye’s not tracking together), mental status changes
o Korsakoff Syndrome (maybe irreversible): confabulation with poor memory (destruction of mamillary bodies)

Back 10

Thiamine/Vitamin B1 Deficiency

Front 11

1. Angular Cheilitis/stomatitis- cracks, splits, ulcers at corners of mouth/lips
2. Glossitis- shiny red beefy tongue
3. Normocytic anemia
4. Corneal vascularization—sore red eyes and lids

Back 11

Riboflavin/Vitamin B2 deficiency

Front 12

Pellagra: Diarrhea, Dermatitis (blistering, plaque-like, black skin in sun exposed areas—often necklace like pattern), Dementia, Death

Back 12

Niacin (Vitamin B3) Deficiency

Front 13

1. Seizures
2. Peripheral neuritis
3. Microcytic anemia
4. Angular cheiltis, glossitis

Back 13

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) deficiency

Front 14

1. Macrocytic anemia (MCV >100)
2. Glossitis
3. Neurologic symptoms (4Ps)
i. Psychological symptoms (dementia)
ii. Peripheral neuropathy (numbness, burning)
iii. Posterior columns (vibration and joint position sense)
iv. Pyramidal tracts- weakness and spasticity

Back 14

Cobalamine (Vitamin B12) Deficiency

Front 15

1. Macrocytic anemia (from dec. DNA synthesis)
2. Neural Tube defects

Back 15

Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) Deficiency

Front 16

1. Bitot's spots
2. Corneal ulceration
3. Night blindness (early sign)
4. major cause of complete blindness worldwide
5. skin lesions
6. infections

Back 16

Vitamin A/Retinol Deficiency

Front 17

1. decreased calcium absorption from small intestine
2. decreased reabsorption of calcium from the kidneys
3. stimulates PTH release
4. PTH- increases calcium absorption from the gut but also leaches it from bones
5. Kids→ Rickets (bow legged)
6. Adults→ Osteomalacia (inc alk phos), osteoporosis, proximal myopathy, diffuse body pain

Back 17

Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol) Deficiency

Front 18

Deficiency Sx:
1. Loss of reflexes
2. Posterior columns-loss of vibration and joint position sense
3. Hemolytic anemia

Back 18

Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) deficiency

Front 19

Deficiency Sx:
1. bleeding, bruising
2. prolonged prothrombin (INR)

Back 19

Vitamin K (phylloquinone) deficiency