Vitamins And Deficiencies

Front 1

Thiamine - B1

Back 1

Beri-Beri: high output heart failure (wet), peripheral neuropathy (dry); Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: chronic alcoholics, ataxia, ophthalmogplegia, confusion, and confabulation (loss of mamillary bodies)

Front 2

Riboflavin - B2

Back 2

Rare because grains are fortified; atrophy of tongue (glossitis), fissures of corner of mouth (cheilosis), dermatitis, corneal ulceration

Front 3

Niacin - B3

Back 3

pellagra: dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis; can result from isoniazid, Hartnup disease (AR disorder in tryptophan absorption - Try --> niacin), carcinoid syndrome

Front 4

Pantothenate - B5

Back 4

fatigue, allergies, nausea, abdominal pain; more serious reversible cases: adrenal insufficiency hepatic encephalopathy

Front 5

Pyridoxine - B6

Back 5

seizures (necessary for Glutamate --> GABA), can result from isoniazid or penicillamine (copper, mercury, cystine toxicity) use

Front 6

Cobalamine - B12

Back 6

associate with lack of intrinsic factor; block in purine and thymidine biosynthesis (need FH4) --> megaloblastic anemia and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, causes folate deficiency (need methionine for FH4 production)

Front 7

Folate

Back 7

impaired dTMP sythesis and DNA sythesis arrest --> megaloblastic anemia; neurotube defects like spina bifida

Front 8

Biotin

Back 8

rare because biotin is synthesized by GI bacteria, may be associated with lonterm antibiotic use and consumption of raw eggs (have avidin that binds and inhibits biotin absorption)

Front 9

Vitamin C

Back 9

scurvy: easy bruising, muscular gatigue, soft swollen gums, hemorrhage, anemia

Front 10

Vitamin A

Back 10

night blindness, dry eyes --> corneal damage, urinary stones

Front 11

Vitamin D

Back 11

rickets (kids): defective mineralization of bone, squared head, chest deformities, spine abnormalities, bowing of legs; osteomalacia (adults): weakening of bone and increased incidence of gross fracture

Front 12

Vitamin E

Back 12

rare, may contribute to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease

Front 13

Vitamin K

Back 13

seen in newborns becaues of lack of GI flora (produce vitamin K), hemorrhage, bleeding diathesis; warfarin antagonizes vitamin K activity

Front 14

Copper

Back 14

muscle weakness, neurologic defects, abnormal collagen cross linking

Front 15

Iodine

Back 15

goiter and hypothyroidism, uncommon with iodized salt

Front 16

Iron

Back 16

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Front 17

Selenium

Back 17

cardiomyopathy (Keshan disease)

Front 18

Zinc

Back 18

growth retardation and impaired wound healing