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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vitamin A
name Function Toxicity Deficiency |
Name: Retinoic Acid
Function: important in Rods and Cones for vision, also hair, skin cofactor for PTH function Deficiency: Night blindness dec. Calcium and inc. Phosphorus=hypothyroidism Excess: inc. PTH (moans, groans - pancreatitis,bones-PTH leaches bones, stones-Calcium), inc. prod. of CSF-pseudotumor cerebri- inc ICP without herniation (headache, papilledema) |
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Vitamin B1
Name Function Deficiency |
thiamine - TTP
pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha-keto glutarate dehydrogenase branched chain AA dehydrogenase transketolase def.: Wet Beri Beri - hi output HF Dry Beri Beri - without HF Alcoholic=Wernicke's encephalopathy (temporal lobe)-ataxia, nystagmus Korsakoff (mammillary bodies)- confabulation, psychosis |
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Vitamin B2
Name Source Deficiency |
Riboflavin, FADH2
best source is MILK, vegetables sun can break down riboflavin (why milk no longer stored in glass bottles) ANGULAR CHELIOSIS (fissures in corner of mouth) /STOMATITIS, magenta colored tongue |
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Vitamin B3
Name Deficiency |
NIACIN
NAD/NADH deficiency: Pellagra (4D's) dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, death Hartnup's Dz: similiar to niacin def bc it is a problem with transport of tryptophan which is needed to make niacin Tryptophan comes from corn |
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Vitamin B4
Vitamin B5 Vitamin B6 |
B4: lipoic acid
B5: panthothenic acid - CoA from gut floor B4 & B5: no deficiency state B6: Pyridoxine cofactor for all Transaminases (AST/ALT) def.: neuropathy due to INH pulling it out of the body |
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Vitamin B12
Name Use Deficiency |
cyanocobalamin
use: methylmalonyl CoA Mutase- prevention of myelin neuropathy homocysteine methyl transferase Water soluble but absorbed in prox ileum Deficiency: dorsal column/corticalspinal tract affected MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA |
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Folate
use deficiency |
thymidine synthesis, purine synthesis
1ST VIT TO RUN OUT IN ASSOC. WITH RAPIDLY DIVIDING CELLS Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia (no neuropathy) in pregnancy = neural tube defects homocystienemia with risk of DVT and atherosclerosis MCC alcoholics and in pregnancy |
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Vitamin C
use deficiency |
use: proline and lysl hydroxylase-collagen synthese-HF
dopamine hydroxylase-catecholamine synthesis absorption of iron in GI tract Def: Scurvy- bleeding gums/hair follicles |
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Vitamin D
use Deficiency |
Use: Calcium absorption in gut
reabsorb calcium from kidneys osteoblastic activity-inc Calc & P (always the same in VitD) Def: Rickets- kids, lateral bowing of legs Osteomalacia- soft bones VitD resistent Rickets: X-linked dominant, kidney leak phosphorus so calcium goes with it |
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Vitamin E
use |
Anti-oxidant
skin, eyes, hair dec in retinopathy and Alzheimer's |
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Vitamin K
use |
CLOTTING FACTORS: 2,7,9,10, C & S
gamma-carboxylation of these if overshoot with Warfarin can give K |
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Biotin
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cofactor for all CARBOXYLASES
pyruvate carboxylase (gluconeogenesis/FA synthesis) |
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IRON
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hemoglobin - oxygen transport
supports ETC - complex III/IV dec = possible mental retardation in kids most absorbed in duodenum |
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Calcium
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muscle contraction
ALL muscle NEED IC calcium Cardiac and SM NEED EC calcium for atrial contraction IP3/DAG is the 2nd messenger |
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Magnesium
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cofactor for ALL kinases and PTH
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Copper
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need for hydroxylation of lysine
def: Minky's kinky hair-- orange hair, feels like copper wiring, EXCESS: Wilson's dz: hepatolenticular degeneration, Keisher-fleisher rings in iris, ceruloplasmin deficiency |
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Zinc
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hair, taste buds, DYSGUSIA, sperm
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