Vitamins

Front 1

vitamins

Back 1

essential organic molevules needed in very small amounts for cellular metabolism

Front 2

DRI

Back 2

dietary reference intake

Front 3

RDA

Back 3

recommended dietary allowance

Front 4

AI

Back 4

adequate intake

Front 5

UL

Back 5

tolerable upper intake level

Front 6

vitamin categories

Back 6

-water soluble vitamins
-fat-soluble vitamins

Front 7

water-soluble vitamins

Back 7

vitamins that dissolve or disperse in water
-B complex vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, b12, biotin, pantothenic acid), choline, vitamin C
-tissues are saturated with these vitamins, but they are not stored

Front 8

fat-soluble vitamins

Back 8

vitamins that dissolve in fatty tissues or substances
-vitamins A, D, E, and K
-stored if excess, but can be toxic

Front 9

phytochemical

Back 9

nonnutritive substance in plant-based foods that appears to have disease-fighting properties

Front 10

beriberi

Back 10

severe chronic deficiency of thiamin characterized by muscle weakness and pain, anorexia, mental disorientation, and tachycardia

Front 11

coenzyme

Back 11

a substance that activates an enzyme

Front 12

ataxia

Back 12

muscle weakness and losso f coordination

Front 13

tachycardia

Back 13

rapid beating of the heart

Front 14

wet beriberi

Back 14

thiamine deficiency with edema affecting cardiac function by weakening of the heart muscle and vascular system

Front 15

dry beriberi

Back 15

thiamine deficiency affecting the nervous system producing paralysis and extreme muscle wasting

Front 16

Wernicke-Korsackoff syndrome

Back 16

cerebral form of beriberi that affects the central nervous system

Front 17

ariboflavinosis

Back 17

a group of symptoms associated with riboflavin deficiency

Front 18

cheilosis

Back 18

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips (angular stomatitis) caused by riboflavin and other B vitamin deficiencies

Front 19

glossitis

Back 19

inflammation of the tongue

Front 20

pellagra

Back 20

deficiency disorder of niacin characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia

Front 21

diarrhea

Back 21

damage to the GI tract affects digestion, absorption, and excretion of food, leading to glossitis, vomiting, and diarrhea

Front 22

dermatitis

Back 22

symmetrical scaly rash occurs only on skin exposed to sun

Front 23

dementia

Back 23

as the central nervous system becomes affected in severe deficiencies, confusion, anxiety, incomnia, and paranoia develop

Front 24

spina bifida

Back 24

a congential defect of the spinal colun causing the spinal cord to be unprotected, resulting in a range of disabilities including paralysis and incontinence

Front 25

anencephaly

Back 25

a congenital defect in which the brain does not deveop; death occurs shortly after birth

Front 26

intrinsic factor

Back 26

a substance produced by stomach mucosa that is required for vitamin B12 absorption

Front 27

pernicious anemia

Back 27

inadequate red blood cell formation caused by a lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach with which to absorb vitamin B12

Front 28

scurvy

Back 28

extreme vitamin C deficiency disorder characterized by inflammation of connective tissues, gingivitis, muscle degenration, bruising, and hemorrhaging as the vascular system weakens

Front 29

antioxidant

Back 29

a compound that guards other compounds from damaging oxidation

Front 30

night blindness

Back 30

the inability of the eyes to readjust vision from bright to dim light, caused by vitamin A deficiency

Front 31

xerophthalmia

Back 31

condition caused by vitamin A deficiency ranging from night blindness to kerotomalacia, may result in complete blindness

Front 32

keratomalacia

Back 32

condition caused by vitamin deficiency in which the cornea becomes dry and thickens from the formation of hard protein tissue

Front 33

rickets

Back 33

childhood disorder caused by a vitamin D disorder or calcium deficiency that leads to insufficient mineralization of bone and tooth matrix

Front 34

osteomalacia

Back 34

adult disorder caused by vitamin D or calcium deficiency characterized by soft, demineralized bones

Front 35

osteoporosis

Back 35

multifactorial disorder in which bone density is reduced and remaining bone is brittle, breaking easily

Front 36

cystic fibrosis

Back 36

genetic disorder in which excessive mucus is produced, primarily affecting respiratory airways; also limits fat absorption in the digestive system; most common among Caucasian populations

Front 37

biliary atresia

Back 37

a congenital condition in which the major bile duct is blocked, limiting the availability of bile for fat digestion

Front 38

hyperbilirubinemia

Back 38

neonatal condition of excessively high levels of bilirubin (red bile pogment) leading to jaundice, in which bile is deposited in tissues throughout the body