Vitamins

Front 1

what is the biologically active coenzyme form of thiamine

Back 1

TPP thiamine pyrophosphate

Front 2

TPP is coenzyme used in what

Back 2

oxidative decarboxylation of alpha keto acids: such as pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate in krebs cycle AND degradation of branched chain amino acids (by branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogrenase)

Front 3

beriberi, wernicke's, korsakoff, are all deficiency states of what

Back 3

thiamine

Front 4

wt loss, weakness, impaired sensory perception, symptoms of CHF - what?

Back 4

beriberi - thiamine deficiency

Front 5

malnourished, confused, ataxis, diplopia

Back 5

wenicke's encephalopathy (thiamind def)

Front 6

irreversible dementia/amnestic syndrome ; memory loss and nystagmus (rhythmic movements of eyes back and forth)

Back 6

thiamine deficiency - korsakoff

Front 7

bariatric surgery pt's get what in 6 months

Back 7

thiamine deficiency

Front 8

FAD and FMN are examples of what

Back 8

vitamin B2 - riboflavin

Front 9

riboflavin fn's in what

Back 9

redox rxns - oxidative phosphorylatino in fatty acid synthesis/oxidation

Front 10

fissuring of lips, rashes, red itchy eyes that are senstivie to light (low consumption of milk or alcoholism)

Back 10

riboflavin B2

Front 11

niacin deficiency ; corn is low in tryptophan

Back 11

pelagra - diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia (death)

Front 12

side effect: flushing ;

Back 12

niacin

Front 13

involved in: aminotransferases, enzymes in cystein synthesis, ALA dehydratase and also in synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and NE

Back 13

pyridoxine / B6

Front 14

dermatitis, glossitis (swollen tongue), depression - also in women taking oral contraceptives

Back 14

def of B6 / pyridoxine

Front 15

what does isoniazid do

Back 15

B6 def

Front 16

what is only vitamin that is toxic in massive doses

Back 16

B6 / pyridoxine

Front 17

what do folate enzymes do

Back 17

transfer 1 C goups to other compaounds

Front 18

affects dTMP synthesis - synthesis of methionine from homocystein - and purine nucleotide synthesis -> ineffective erythropoesis and a delay in RBC maturation due to insufienct DNA

Back 18

folate def

Front 19

megaloblastic anemia is caused by…

Back 19

B12 ef due to decr DNA synthesis from lack of methyltetraydrofolate (tx with both folate and B12

Front 20

what can folate def in pregnancy cause

Back 20

neural tube defects

Front 21

B12 comes from where

Back 21

animal meat and some bacteria produce it in our gut

Front 22

two enzymatic rxns req B12

Back 22

methylmalonyl-CoA mutase rxn (forms succinyl CoA - occurs in disposal of odd-number fatty acids) and (synthesis of methionine from homocysteine - yeilds THF)

Front 23

insufficient synthesis of IF

Back 23

pernicious anemia

Front 24

AR recessive disorder due to different mutation in the mehtylmalonylCoA mutase gene ; symptoms: seizures, vomiting, lethary, encephalopathy, dev delays

Back 24

B12 problem

Front 25

megaloblastic anemia is seen in what deficiency

Back 25

B12 - if you only tx with folate --> neuro symtpoms will not go away

Front 26

has gen antioxidant role to protect against damage from reactive oxygen species ; acts in formation of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine during procollagen biosynthesis

Back 26

vitamin C

Front 27

capillary hemorrhage, bleeding, peeling gums, impaired wound healing

Back 27

scurvy - vit C def

Front 28

can lead to formation of oxalate urinary kidney stones in some ppl

Back 28

large dose of vit C

Front 29

11-cis retinal

Back 29

changes in pigment of eye - vitamine A

Front 30

night blindness --> xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of conjunctiva and cornea)

Back 30

mild --> severe vit A def

Front 31

tx's actue promyelocytic leukemia

Back 31

A

Front 32

tx's acne

Back 32

A

Front 33

teratogen and can cuase major malformations in the fetus if taken during pregnancy

Back 33

accutane - vit A

Front 34

catalyzed by UV light

Back 34

D

Front 35

1,25-diOH-D3

Back 35

active vitamin D

Front 36

upregulated plasma calcium and phosphate

Back 36

D

Front 37

rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults

Back 37

D deficiency

Front 38

best clinical measurement of vit D stores

Back 38

serum 25-hydroxyviatmin D

Front 39

most toxic of vitamins - hypercalcemia, calcium deposts in soft tissues, atherosclerosis, CV and renal system damage

Back 39

D - tox

Front 40

antioxidant and scavenger of free radicals - prevents lipid peroxidatio in membranes (most active alpha-tocopherol)

Back 40

E (tocopherols)

Front 41

important for dev of nerve and muscle function and in animal sexual develpoment (least toxic of fat soluble vitamines)

Back 41

E (tocopherols)

Front 42

premature infants or in adults with poor abs of fats

Back 42

def of E (supplementation = no help)

Front 43

phylloquininone

Back 43

K1

Front 44

produced by baceria in large int

Back 44

K2 - menaquinone

Front 45

enzymatic carboxylation of glutamic acid during synthesis of prothrombina nd other clotting factdors

Back 45

K

Front 46

newborns ; 50% are deficient so given to all newborns and can occur with bleeding or when anticoag warfarin is given ; abx can --> def

Back 46

K