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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Relevant Vitamins & Health of Epithelium
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- Fat soluble: Stored in fatty tissues & liver.
- Vitamins A, D, E, K - Water Soluble: Must be ingested daily. - Vitamins B & C |
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Relevant Minerals & Health of Epithelium
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- Zinc
- Iron - Calcium - Phosphorus - Magnesium - Fluoride |
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VITAMIN A
Function |
- Bone & Tooth Development
- Skin & Mucous Membrane Integrity - Immune System Integrity - Cell Differentiation (Essential for Reproduction) |
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VITAMIN A
Deficiency Disease |
- Keratinization of epithelium (Disruption)
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VITAMIN A
Food Source |
- Eggs Yolk
- Liver |
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VITAMIN D
Function |
- Aids in absorption of calcium & phosphorus
- Mineralization of bone |
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VITAMIN D
Deficiency Disease |
- Rickets in children
- Osteoporosis |
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VITAMIN D
Food Source |
- Exposure to UV sunlight
- Fortified milk |
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VITAMIN E
Function |
- Antioxidant
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VITAMIN E
Deficiency Disease |
- Low Incidence
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VITAMIN E
Food Source |
- Whole grains
- Nuts |
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VITAMIN K
Function |
- Synthesis of prothrombin in blood clotting & bone proteins
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VITAMIN K
Deficiency Disease |
- Prolonged clotting time, hemmorhage
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VITAMIN K
Food Source |
- Dark, green leafy vegetables
- Liver - Synthesized by intestinal bacterial flora |
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THIAMIN (B1)
Function |
- Essential for synthesis of healthy nerves
- Acts as coenzyme in carbohydrate & amino acid metabolism |
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THIAMIN (B1)
Deficiency Disease |
- Beri Beri
- Weight Loss - Fatigue - Edema - Depression |
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THIAMIN (B1)
Food Source |
- Enriched whole grains & cereal
- Pork |
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NIACIN (B3)
Function |
- Coenzyme in energy metabolism of fat, carbohydrate & protein
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NIACIN (B3)
Deficiency Disease |
- Pellagra (Skin Condition)
- Diarrhea - Dermatitis - Dementia |
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NIACIN (B3)
Food Source |
- Enriched whole grains & cereal
- Rice |
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PYRIDOXINE (B6)
Function |
- Coenzyme in amino acid & lipid metabolism
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PYRIDOXINE (B6)
Deficiency Disease |
- Dermatitis
- Depression |
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PYRIDOXINE (B6)
Food Source |
- Widespread food sources
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COBALMIN (B12)
Function |
- Maturation of RBCs
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COBALMIN (B12)
Deficiency Disease |
- Pernicious anemia (Secondary to lack of intrinsic factor & totally vegan diet)
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COBALMIN (B12)
Food Source |
- Fortified cereals
- All animal foods |
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VITAMIN C (Ascorbic Acid)
Function |
- Wound healing
- Aids in absorption of iron - Antioxidant - Collagen Synthesis |
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VITAMIN C (Ascorbic Acid)
Deficiency Disease |
- Scurvy
- Poor wound healing - Petechial hemorrhages |
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VITAMIN C (Ascorbic Acid)
Food Source |
- Citrus fruits
- Tomatoes |
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CALCIUM
Function |
- Blood clotting
- Calcification of bone & tooth structure - Nerve impulse transmission - Muscle contraction |
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CALCIUM
Deficiency Disease |
- Osteoporosis
- Incomplete calcification of teeth |
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CALCIUM
Food Source |
- Dairy products
- Orange juice |
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PHOSPHORUS
Function |
- Required for bone & teeth (strength)
- Acid base balance - Muscle contraction |
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PHOSPHORUS
Deficiency Disease |
- Poor bone maintenance
- Incomplete calcification of teeth - Compromised alveolar integrity |
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PHOSPHORUS
Food Source |
- Dairy products
- Nuts |
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MAGNESIUM
Function |
- Hydroxyapatite crystal formation
- Bone strength & rigidity - Nerve impulse - Muscle contraction |
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MAGNESIUM
Deficiency Disease |
- Muscle weakness
- Alveolar bone fragility |
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MAGNESIUM
Food Source |
- Nuts
- Chocolate |
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FLUORIDE
Function |
- Prevention of caries
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FLUORIDE
Deficiency Disease |
- Increased incidence of caries
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FLOURIDE
Food Source |
- Fluoridated water
- Supplements |
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IRON
Function |
- Carries oxygen to the cells
- Component of hemoglobin |
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IRON
Deficiency Disease |
- Anemia
- Fatigue |
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IRON
Food Source |
- Whole grains
- Meat |
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ZINC
Function |
- Required for over 100 enzymes
- Taste & smell sensitivity |
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ZINC
Deficiency Disease |
- Altered taste
- Decreased wound healing - Impaired immunity |
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ZINC
Food Source |
- Meat
- Seafood |
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COPPER
Function |
- Aids in iron metabolism
- Collagen formatioin |
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COPPER
Deficiency Disease |
- Anemia
- Low WBCs - Bone demineralization - Tissue fragility - Decreases trabeculae of alveolar bone |
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COPPER
Food Source |
- Whole grains
- Nuts |
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Vitamins & Deficiencies
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- THIAMIN (B1): Beri Beri
- RIBOFLAVIN (B2): Cheilosis/Glossitis - NIACIN (B3): Pellagra - PYRIDOXINE (B6): Anemia, Muscle Weakness - COBALMIN (B12): Pernicious Anemia - VITAMIN C: Scurvy |
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GLOSSITIS
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- Niacin
- B12 - B6 - Folate - Riboflavin |
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ANGULAR CHEILOSIS
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- Niacin
- B12 - B6 - Folate - Riboflavin - Iron |
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INFLAMED BLEEDING GINGIVA
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- Niacin
- B12 - Folate - Vitamin C - Vitamin K |
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STOMATITIS
MUCOSITIS |
- Niacin
- B12 - Folate - Thiamin |
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XEROSTOMIA
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- B12
- Vitamin A - Zinc |
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SORE OR BURNING TONGUE
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- Niacin
- B12 - B6 - Riboflavin - Thiamin - Vitamins |
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DECREASED MINERALIZATION OF TEETH
DECREASED ALVEOLAR INTEGRITY |
- Calcium phosphorus
- Magnesium - Vitamin D |
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ALTERED ENAMEL DEVELOPMENT
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- Calcium
- Magnesium - Vitamin A |
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FLOURIDE
Food Source |
- Fluoridated water
- Supplements |
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IRON
Function |
- Carries oxygen to the cells
- Component of hemoglobin |
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IRON
Deficiency Disease |
- Anemia
- Fatigue |
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IRON
Food Source |
- Whole grains
- Meat |
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ZINC
Function |
- Required for over 100 enzymes
- Taste & smell sensitivity |
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ZINC
Deficiency Disease |
- Altered taste
- Decreased wound healing - Impaired immunity |
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ZINC
Food Source |
- Meat
- Seafood |
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COPPER
Function |
- Aids in iron metabolism
- Collagen formatioin |
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COPPER
Deficiency Disease |
- Anemia
- Low WBCs - Bone demineralization - Tissue fragility - Decreases trabeculae of alveolar bone |
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COPPER
Food Source |
- Whole grains
- Nuts |
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Vitamins & Deficiencies
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- THIAMIN (B1): Beri Beri
- RIBOFLAVIN (B2): Cheilosis/Glossitis - NIACIN (B3): Pellagra - PYRIDOXINE (B6): Anemia, Muscle Weakness - COBALMIN (B12): Pernicious Anemia - VITAMIN C: Scurvy |
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ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES
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GLOSSITIS
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- Niacin
- B12 - B6 - Folate - Riboflavin |
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ANGULAR CHEILOSIS
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- Niacin
- B12 - B6 - Folate - Riboflavin - Iron |
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INFLAMED BLEEDING GINGIVA
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- Niacin
- B12 - Folate - Vitamin C - Vitamin K |
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STOMATITIS
MUCOSITIS |
- Niacin
- B12 - Folate - Thiamin |
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XEROSTOMIA
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- B12
- Vitamin A - Zinc |
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SORE OR BURNING TONGUE
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- Niacin
- B12 - B6 - Riboflavin - Thiamin - Vitamins |
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DECREASED MINERALIZATION OF TEETH
DECREASED ALVEOLAR INTEGRITY |
- Calcium phosphorus
- Magnesium - Vitamin D |
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ALTERED ENAMEL DEVELOPMENT
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- Calcium
- Magnesium - Vitamin A |
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DELAYED WOUND HEALING
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- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C - Riboflavin - Zinc |
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What are the roles of the dental hygienist?
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- Counsel pt. concerning the importance of a nutritionally balanced diet to maintain oral health.
- Guide pt. to reliable resources regarding a sound diet. - www.mypyramid.gov |
