Vitamins

Front 1

Free Radicals

Back 1

What are the waste products of metabolism that destroy cell components, cell membrane and our DNA?

Front 2

Bad guys

Back 2

Free radicals are known as the ____ _____.

Front 3

Antioxidants

Back 3

What prevents damage done by free radicals to the body?

Front 4

Good guys

Back 4

Antioxidants are known as the ______ _______.

Front 5

Vitamins

Back 5

The role of _______ is to prevent or treat diseases, enhance health and prolong life.

Front 6

Vitamin C

Back 6

Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?

Front 7

Vitamin D

Back 7

Rickets in children is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?

Front 8

Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Back 8

What three things make vitamins organic?

Front 9

Plants and animals

Back 9

Where are vitamins found?

Front 10

Energy

Back 10

Vitamins do not provide _________.

Front 11

Carbohydrates and protein

Back 11

What two nutrients do vitamins aid in the metabolism of?

Front 12

Body

Back 12

Where can vitamins not be made?

Front 13

Light, air, heat and over cooking

Back 13

What four things can destroy vitamins?

Front 14

K A D E

Back 14

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Front 15

Fatty tissue

Back 15

Where are vitamins K, A, D and E stored?

Front 16

Bile

Back 16

What do fat soluble vitamins need in order to be absorbed?

Front 17

Vitamins A C E

Back 17

Which vitamins are considered to be antioxidants?

Front 18

Night blindness

Back 18

A deficiency of vitamin A cause what to occur?

Front 19

Retinol and carotene

Back 19

What are the two main forms of vitamin A?

Front 20

Retinol

Back 20

What form of vitamin A is found in animal products and can be used immediately?

Front 21

Retinol

Back 21

Liver, egg yolk, milk, cream and cheese are considered to be sources of what form of Vitamin A?

Front 22

Carotene

Back 22

What form of vitamin A has to be chemically changed before it can be used by the body?

Front 23

Liver

Back 23

Where is carotene converted to retinol?

Front 24

Orange

Back 24

Too much carotene can make the skin turn what color?

Front 25

Carotene

Back 25

Dark green leafy vegetables and colorful fruits are considered to be sources of what form of Vitamin A?

Front 26

Moisturizing vitamin

Back 26

Vitamin A is known as the ________ _______.

Front 27

Vitamin A

Back 27

What vitamin keeps the skin and mucus membranes smooth, supple and moist?

Front 28

Vitamin A

Back 28

Functions of what vitamin include vision, increasing cell protein, development of bones and teeth and reproduction?

Front 29

Acne, liver spots and wrinkles

Back 29

What is vitamin A used in the treatment of?

Front 30

Measles

Back 30

Vitamin A can decrease the severity of _______.

Front 31

A

Back 31

Vitamin _____ builds skin and mucus membranes.

Front 32

Diet

Back 32

Since we can't synthesize(make) vitamins in our body, what do we have to get them from?

Front 33

Calories

Back 33

Vitamins do not contain ______.

Front 34

Toxic levels

Back 34

Fat soluble vitamins can reach ______ ______ because they are stored in the liver and adipose tissue.

Front 35

5

Back 35

Vitamin A deficiency occurs mostly in children over ____ years of age.

Front 36

Vitamin A

Back 36

A deficiency of ______ ___ can cause ulcers of the conjuctiva, increase dental caries and gingivitis.

Front 37

A

Back 37

Signs and symptoms of a deficiency of vitamin ____ are dry rough, flaking skin, damaged mucous membranes, nausea/vomiting and weight loss.

Front 38

Vitamin A

Back 38

Hair loss, jaundice, abnormal growth, joint pain and liver damage are due to toxicity of which vitamin?

Front 39

fetuses and infants

Back 39

Teratogenic risk in ______, can cause physical abnormalities and bulging fontanel in _______ is caused by toxicity of Vitamin A.

Front 40

Sunlight

Back 40

What is the main source of Vitamin D?

Front 41

Calcium

Back 41

Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of what mineral?

Front 42

D

Back 42

What vitamin is used in the formation and healing of bones and also boosts the immune system?

Front 43

Osteomalacia

Back 43

What is a deficiency of Vitamin D in adults?

Front 44

Breast milk

Back 44

_______ ____ is a poor source of Vitamin D.

Front 45

D

Back 45

Formation of calcium deposits on soft tissue, bone pain, growth failure in children, kidney and CV disease are related to toxicity of which vitamin?

Front 46

D3

Back 46

Which vitamin should be checked on routine physical exams?

Front 47

D

Back 47

milk, margarine, cereal and many processed foods in the U.S are sources that have what vitamin added to them?

Front 48

D2-D7

Back 48

The category of vitamin D contains vitamins _____-____.

Front 49

Vitamin E

Back 49

What is the most effective antioxidant to prevent free radicals from attacking body tissue and keeping us healthy?

Front 50

Decreasing

Back 50

Vitamin E aides in _______ the bloods ability to clot.

Front 51

E

Back 51

What vitamin also promotes bone growth, is essential for reproduction and stimulates the immune system?

Front 52

E

Back 52

What vitamin can reduce the risk of clots related to stroke and heart attack?

Front 53

Premature infants

Back 53

Vitamin E deficiency is usually seen in ______ ______ and people with fat malabsorption.

Front 54

E

Back 54

Vitamin ___ deficiency can damage cells especially RBC's and cause anemia.

Front 55

Vitamin E

Back 55

Wheat germ oil is the richest source of ______ ___.

Front 56

E

Back 56

Vegetable oils, margarine, shortening, nuts, eggs, peanut butter and green leafy vegetables are considered to be sources of what vitamin?

Front 57

Vitamin K

Back 57

What is mainly made by bacteria present in the body's intestinal tract?

Front 58

Blood clotting

Back 58

What is the principal function of Vitamin K?

Front 59

K

Back 59

What vitamin also contributes to bone growth and strengthening and aides in the making of tissue for the kidneys?

Front 60

Sterile intestinal tract causes an insufficient amount

Back 60

Why do newborn babies receive an injection of Vitamin K?

Front 61

Hemorrhage

Back 61

Breast milk is a poor source of Vitamin K and can cause a newborn to ___________.

Front 62

Antibiotics and Coumadin

Back 62

What medications can cause a deficiency of vitamin K?

Front 63

K

Back 63

Green leafy vegetables, milk, dairy, meat, eggs, cereal, fruit, and other vegetables are considered to be sources of what vitamin?

Front 64

All of the B's and C

Back 64

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Front 65

Water soluble

Back 65

What vitamins are unstable when cooked and dissolve when boiled?

Front 66

Toxic

Back 66

Water soluble vitamins can not reach _________ levels.

Front 67

B-complex

Back 67

___-________ vitamins include B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12.

Front 68

C

Back 68

B-complex and Vitamin ___ are essential for many metabolic reactions.

Front 69

Thiamine

Back 69

What is another name for Vitamin B1?

Front 70

Thiamine(B1)

Back 70

What vitamin helps ensure a healthy appetite, and is needed for the body to get energy from carbs, acts as a mild diuretic and helps the CNS?

Front 71

Thiamine

Back 71

________ is found in every body tissue.

Front 72

Liver, heart and kidneys

Back 72

Where can the highest concentrations of Vitamin B1 be found?

Front 73

Beriberi

Back 73

What is a deficiency of Thiamine?

Front 74

Thiamine (B1)

Back 74

Anorexia, impaired nervous system, reduced reflexes, fatigue, weakened heart muscle, cardiac failure, muscle pain and wasting, depression and poor concentration are signs and symptoms of a deficiency of what?

Front 75

B1

Back 75

Unrefined grains, lean pork, organ meats, enriched and fortified grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, yeast, poultry, cereal, milk, eggs, fish and peanut butter are considered to be sources of what vitamin?

Front 76

Riboflavin

Back 76

What is another name for Vitamin B2?

Front 77

B2

Back 77

What vitamin protects the health of mucus membranes, and is important for eyes, skin, lips, nose, tongue and the GI tract?

Front 78

Vitamin B2

Back 78

The growth of body cells can not occur without ________ ____.

Front 79

Riboflavin (B2)

Back 79

Cheilosis, stomatitis, anemia, dermatitis, burning skin, loss of taste and halitosis are deficiencies of what vitamin?

Front 80

B2

Back 80

Organ meats, poultry, fish, milk, eggs, enriched and whole grain breads, cereal and rice are considered to be sources of what vitamin?

Front 81

Niacin

Back 81

What is another name for Vitamin B3?

Front 82

B3

Back 82

What vitamin is essential for proper growth, allows oxygen to flow into the body tissues and gives a healthy appetite?

Front 83

Niacin

Back 83

_____ helps metabolize sugars and fats for energy, also aids in metabolizing drugs and forming RBC's.

Front 84

Pellagra

Back 84

What disease is caused by a deficiency of Niacin(B3)?

Front 85

Niacin

Back 85

_____ can be ready to use or has to be converted to tryptophan.

Front 86

B3

Back 86

Meats, chicken, turkey and fish are ready to use and considered to be sources of what vitamin?

Front 87

B3

Back 87

Dark green leafy vegetables, milk, eggs, fortified grains, cereal, breads, and rice have to be converted and are considered to be sources of what vitamin?

Front 88

Pyridoxine

Back 88

What is another name for Vitamin B6?

Front 89

B6

Back 89

What vitamin is used in the metabolism of protein and fat for energy, for the CNS function, rebuilding RBC's, and is essential for getting energy and nutrients out of food?

Front 90

B6 (pyridoxine)

Back 90

Depression, irritability, convulsions, dermatitis, anemia, kidney stones, upset stomach and an increased risk of heart attack are deficiencies of what vitamin?

Front 91

Nerve damage

Back 91

Pyridoxine can cause ________ _______ in infants.

Front 92

B6

Back 92

Vitamin ____ needs to be increased with high protein diets, during pregnancy, TB and while taking some medications.

Front 93

B6 (pyridoxine)

Back 93

All meats, dark green leafy vegetables, milk, eggs, beans, tomatoes, bananas, prunes, soybean, oatmeal, bread and potatoes are considered to be sources of what vitamin?

Front 94

Cobalamine

Back 94

What is another name for Vitamin B12?

Front 95

B12

Back 95

What vitamin also contains a mineral?

Front 96

Cobalt

Back 96

What mineral does vitamin B12 contain?

Front 97

Intrinsic factor

Back 97

What does vitamin B12 require for absorption?

Front 98

B12 (cobalamine)

Back 98

What vitamin function is essential for normal cell function and energy metabolism, forms healthy mature RBC's and aides in transmitting electrical impulses between nerves?

Front 99

Pernicious anemia

Back 99

What is a disease that occurs with a deficiency of Vitamin B12?

Front 100

B12

Back 100

Vitamin ____ is only found in foods of animal origin, not plants.

Front 101

Vegans

Back 101

_____ require a vitamin B12 supplement and some adults over the age of 50.

Front 102

B9

Back 102

Folic acid and folate are also known as vitamin ____.

Front 103

Backbones

Back 103

Folate is essential for all humans and animals with ______.

Front 104

Folate

Back 104

What maintains the normal level of RBC's, helps make DNA, needed for normal growth, wound healing and metabolizing protein in amino acids?

Front 105

Spina Bifida

Back 105

Folate prevents neural defects of the spinal cord in the fetus, which is known as _____ ______.

Front 106

Increased

Back 106

Folate should be ______ in smokers and during pregnancy.

Front 107

Folate

Back 107

Anemia, lethargy, glossitis and diarrhea are signs and symptoms of a deficiency of _______.

Front 108

Heart

Back 108

Folate reduces the risk of ____ disease.

Front 109

Folate

Back 109

Liver, bananas, milk, cheese, beans, yogurt, dark green leafy vegetables, breakfast cereal and infant formula are fortified with ______.

Front 110

Asorbic acid

Back 110

What is another name for Vitamin C?

Front 111

C

Back 111

What vitamin helps absorb iron,wound healing, helps fight infection, reduces allergic reactions and helps make hormones?

Front 112

C

Back 112

Vitamin ___ changes folate to folic acid and helps with the formation of RBC's.

Front 113

C

Back 113

Vitamin ___ should be increased during times of stress, by smokers and with some medications.

Front 114

Kidney stones

Back 114

Vitamin C toxicity can increase the risk of ______ ______, although most excess is excreted in urine.