Vitamin Practice

Front 1

how is vitamin A absorbed?

Back 1

retinyl esters broken down to free retinol in small intestine
-requires bile,degestive enzymes, micelles
-once absorbed retinyl esters reformed in intestinal cells
-carotenoids absorbed intact and converted to retinols in intestine cells

Front 2

Excess vitamin A affects what other vitamin absorption?

Back 2

Vitamin K

Front 3

Toxicity of vitamin A

Back 3

if pregnant abort or birth defects
-kidney disease

Front 4

Vitamin D deficiency and toxicity?

Back 4

deficiency: rickets/osteolamacia
-toxicity: hypercalcemia - ca. dep. in kidneys, heart , vessels, retardation, facial changes, aorta narrowing

- derived from cholesterol
-D3 formation in skin from sun
-D2 from food

Front 5

absorption of vitamin D

Back 5

-D3 converted in skin
-D2 metabolized in liver with 25-OH and then 1,25 OH in kidney which is active form

Front 6

Vitamin E (aka____)
functions?
what foods?
Too much inhibits what?

Back 6

-Tocopherols
-FUnctions: Antioxidant, protects cell membrane
-Foods: plant oils, wheat germ, peanuts, nuts, seeds (plant stuff)(no meat)
-too much inhibits vK absorption

Front 7

Vitamin K (2 types?)
one type synthesized somewhere by what and where?
delivery?
FUnctions:
deficiency:

Back 7

-K1 - phyloquinones (plants)
-K2 - menaquinones (meat, int bact)
-menaquinones synthesized by intestinal bacteria and absorbed in colon
-Delivered via lymphatic system
- functions: coagulation (prothrombin synthesis)
-resistant to cooking losses
-deficiency: excess bleeding, antiobiotics detroy int bact that make menaquniones cause deficiency

Front 8

B1 (______)
Functions(coenzyme)
Defiency
FOods:

Back 8

-thiamin
-functions: thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)
-coenzyme in metabolism of carbs, branch AA, and pentoses
-carrier of active aldehyde
-role in synthesis of neurotransmitters
-deficiency: where polished rice only food. peripheral neuropathy
-dry beriberi- weakness, nerve degeneration
-wet beriberi - edema and heart problems
-white bread, pork, hot dogs,enriched grains,whole wheat

Front 9

B2 (____)
Coenzymes?
Functions?
Deficiency?
Foods:

Back 9

-Riboflavin
-FMN,FAD
-Functions: in oxidation reduction rxns(CAC, beta oxidation of fatty acids
-deficiency: ariboflavinosis; long term users of phenobarbitol.
-also causes glossitic, cheilosis, stomatitis, dermatitis (orally)
-milk products, enriched grains, liver

Front 10

Niacin (___)
Coenzymes
FUnctions:
Defiency
foods?

Back 10

B3 (nicotinic acid)
-NAD, NADP
-NADH and NADPH in ox redox rxns
-catabolic rxns: glycolysis and CAC
-anabolic rxns: fatty acid synthesis (NADPH)
-pellagra: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis
-alcoholics and untreated corn susceptible
-shrooms, enriched grains, beef, chicken, turkey, fish

Front 11

tryptophan can be synthesized to what vitamin?

Back 11

Niacin (B3)

Front 12

Pantothenic acid
functions?
Absorption
Foods?

Back 12

B5
-part of coenzyme A for energy metabolism
-metabolism of carbs, fat, protein, and alcohol
-consumed as coenzyme A in diet and released in digestion
-absorbed as pantothenic acid in small int.
-everywhere, meat, milk, grains, liver, peanuts, shrooms