Vitamin Deficiencies

Front 1

Which vitamin is deficient in a patient with wernike korsacoff, muscle wasting, polyneuritis (and possibly cardiomyopathy and peripheral edema)?

Back 1

Thiamine! (B1)

Front 2

Which vitamin is a cofactor for carboxylase enzymes?

Back 2

Biotin

Front 3

T/F: Eating a lot of raw eggs and chronic antibiotic use can cause a deficiency of thiamine.

Back 3

False (biotin)

Front 4

Biotin is necessary for the carboxylation of ______ to oxaloacetate, Acetyl CoA to ______ ___, and ______ ___ to methyl malonyl CoA.

Back 4

Pyruvate to oxaloacetate (step in the TCA cycle);
Acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA (committed step of fatty acid synthesis);
Propionyl CoA (3 carbon fragment produced by beta-oxidationof fatty acids) to methyl malonyl CoA

Front 5

Alopecia, nonspecific skin rash, and nonspecific enteritis are all symptoms of deficiency of which vitamin?

Back 5

Biotin

Front 6

______ deficiency is due to malabsorption, insufficient dietary intake, impaired metabolism and increased requirements...

Back 6

Folate

Front 7

Folate deficiency results in ___________, ___________ anemia

Back 7

macrocytic, megaloblastic

***also large, hypersegmented neutrophils

Front 8

T/F: Folate deficiency does not result in neurological symptoms.

Back 8

True

Front 9

Without folate and/or B12, RBCs divide _____ times (_____ of the necessary building blocks needed for DNA replication); creating macrocytic megaloblastic anemia

Back 9

Fewer;fewer

Front 10

Where is folate absorbed?

Back 10

jejunum and proximal ileum

Front 11

Crohns disease, hemolytic anemia, pregnancy and alcoholism commonly lead to deficiency which vitamin?

Back 11

folate

Front 12

which two drugs can decrease folate levels?

Back 12

methotrexate and TMP

Front 13

Synthesis of which vitamin is dependent on B6?

Back 13

Niacin (B3)

Front 14

Niacin (B3) is derived from _______

Back 14

tryptophan

Front 15

Niacin is an essential part of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which is a coenzyme involved in what type of reactions?

Back 15

Oxidation/reduction

Front 16

Four D's of Niacin deficiency are...

Back 16

diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death

Front 17

_____is a common symptom of all B vitamin deficiencies.

Back 17

Glossitis

Front 18

Niacin deficiency commonly caused by which genetic disease?

Back 18

Hartnup

Front 19

Riboflavin deficiency symptoms

Back 19

cracked lips, cracks at the corners of the mouth, and the eyes may become blood shot, watery and sensitive to light

Front 20

Riboflavin is a component of which key energy storage precursor

Back 20

FAD

Front 21

Thiamine (B1) is necessary for metabolism of _______.

Back 21

glucose

Front 22

Branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, transketolase, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase all require which vitamin

Back 22

thiamine

Front 23

Which vitamin is needed by the eye for low light and color vision

Back 23

Vitamin A (retinol)

Front 24

Vitamin __ deficiency causes night blindness and dry skin

Back 24

A

Front 25

Which enzymes are dependent on vitamin B12? What are these enzymes needed for?

Back 25

methionine synthase - DNA synthesis

methylmalonyl CoA mutase - fatty acid synthesis and energy production

Front 26

Which spinal cord columns are affected in B12 deficiency, and this is due to a build up of what?

Back 26

Posterior columns, lateral corticospinal, and spinocerebellar tracts; methylmalonic acid

Front 27

Name the autoimmune disorder responsible for B12 deficiency.

Back 27

Pernicious anemia - attacking parietal cells of stomach that secrete intrinsic factor

Front 28

Intrinsic factor/cobalamin complex is absorbed where?

Back 28

Distal ileum

Front 29

What are the other inflammatory causes of B12 deficiency?

Back 29

Sprue, enteritis, and crohns disease

Front 30

B5 (panthothenic acid) is essential for the synthesis of which important molecule?

Back 30

Coenzyme A!

Front 31

B5 deficiency can cause nonspecific _____, _____, and _____, and could also cause _______ _________ due to its role in fatty acid and hormone synthesis.

Back 31

alopecia, dermatitis, and enteritis; adrenal insufficiency

Front 32

B6 deficiency symptoms:

Back 32

hyperirritability, seizures, peripheral neuropathy, and sideroblastic anemia

Front 33

B6 is activated in the form pyridoxal phosphate, and an essential coenzyme for which kinds of reactions?

Back 33

transamination, decarboxilation of amino acids; Glycogen phosphorylase; cystathionine synthase; heme synthesis; and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin

Front 34

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) keeps iron in the _______ state, which _______ iron absorption.

Back 34

reduced or ferrous (2+); increases

Front 35

Which vitamin is an important antioxidant that protects the body against free radicals, and necessary for collagen synthesis?

Back 35

vitaminC

Front 36

Vitamin C is also important in the synthesis of which peptide hormones/neurotransmitters?

Back 36

catecholamines

Front 37

What is the condition associated with Vitamin C deficiency and what are the symptoms?

Back 37

Scurvy - bruising, perifollicular hemorrhage, hemarthrosis (bleeding in the joints), swollen gums, and anemia

Front 38

What are the causes of vitamin D deficiency?

Back 38

(breastfeeding as only source of nutrition in infants) renal failure, inadequate exposure to sunlight, fat malabsorption, and chronic liver disease.

Front 39

What is the childhood condition associated with vitamin D deficiency?

Back 39

Rickets

Front 40

What is the Adult condition associated with vitamin D deficiency?

Back 40

osteomalacia

Front 41

What is a sign of hypocalcemia (which could be due to vit D deficiency)?

Back 41

tetany

Front 42

Major function of Vitamin D

Back 42

to maintain adequate levels of Calcium and Phosphorus in the body

Front 43

Vitamin D from food is first processed in the _____ and then in the _______before it becomes activated.

Back 43

liver; kidney

Front 44

Vitamin E is a ____ soluble vitamin important for protecting the ____ ________ from lipid peroxidation by free radicals.

Back 44

fat; cell membrane

Front 45

Vitamin E deficiencies are due to which type of malabsorbtion problem?

Back 45

fat (cystic fibrosis, whipples disease, celiac disease etc.)

Front 46

Severe deficiency of which vitamin can cause hemolytic anemia, and damage to the posterior columns, spinocerebellar and lateral corticospinal tracts.

Back 46

Vitamin E - all of the damage due to membrane damage by free radicals

Front 47

Which fat soluble vitamin is synthesized to an active form in the gut flora?

Back 47

Vitamin K

Front 48

What role does Vitamin K play in the synthesis of blood clotting factors and which ones need vitamin K?

Back 48

needed for the carboxylation of glutamate which is an essential reaction in the synthesis of 2, 7, 9, 10, protein S and protein C. Without the synthesis of these proteins, the patient is significantly anticoagulated.

Front 49

Which medication is a vitamin K antagonist?

Back 49

warfarin

Front 50

What is the triad of wernicke korsakoff?

Back 50

encephalopathy with confusion, opthalmoplegia, and gait ataxia

Front 51

Which vitamin/mineral is an essential element used in over 100 enzymatic reactions?

Back 51

Zinc

Front 52

Zinc is commonly used as a stabilizer in a small protein structural motif called a ____ ______ that is commonly used for binding DNA and RNA as transcription factors.

Back 52

Zinc finger

Front 53

What are the symptoms of zinc deficiency?

Back 53

anosmia, delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, dysgeusia, perioral rash

Front 54

People with alcoholic _______ are at an increased risk for zinc deficiency

Back 54

cirrhosis