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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the force exerted by the blood against arterial walls crucial to keep the blood flow constant to vital organs such as brain, kidneys and heart.
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blood pressure
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the blood pressure rises and flows out as the ventricles of the heart ______
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contract
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the blood pressure falls as the ventricles of the heart ________
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relaxes
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sufficient supply of blood to the cells at all times which maintains blood pressure is called
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tissue perfusion
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the force exerted during ventricular contraction and maximum pressure is called
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SYSTOLIC pressure
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the force exerted during ventricular relaxation and lowest pressure is called
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DIASTOLIC pressure
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the difference between Systolic and Diastolic pressures is called
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Pulse Pressure
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SYSTOLIC
-------------- DIASTOLIC |
120
---- 80 mm Hg |
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determined by the cardiac outpot CO and peripheral vascular resistance PVR
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Blood pressure
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what does it mean to be "AWAY FROM THE CORE..."
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Peripheral
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The hearts output of blood per minute is called
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cardiac output
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resistance to blood flow in the vessels is called
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Peripheral Vascular Resistance
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BP =
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Cardiac Output CO
X Peripheral Vascular Resistance PVR |
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the volume of blood ejected with each heart beat is called
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stroke volume
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the number of times the heart beats each minute
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heart rate
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Cardiac Output =
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SV X HR
stroke volume or the volume of blood per beat X heart rate or the number of heart beat per minute |
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opposition to blood flow due to friction generated as blood slides along the vessel walls is called
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Peripheral vascular resistance
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peripheral vascular resistance is due to
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vasomotor changes
elasticity of blood vessels viscosity total blood volume |
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Philosophy of Blood Pressure
narrow vessel = increased resistance is known as |
vasomotor changes
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increasing resistance to blood flow is called
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vasoCONSTRICTION
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decreasing resistance to blood flow is called
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VasoDILATION
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when you constrict blood vessels you make smaller and therefore get _________ resistance
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Increased resistance
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vaso is called :
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blood cells
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decreased elasticity of blood vessels leads to greater resistance to blood flow which leads to descreaed blood flow and elevated pressure ... this is an example of the __________ of blood vessels
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Elasticity
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the thickness of the blood is known as
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viscosity
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increased viscocity or thickness of the blood leads to
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increased blood pressure
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increasing the numbers of red blood cells will ________ viscotity
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increase
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the loss of plasma volume increases viscosity or the thickness of the blood which is known as
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dehydration
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the total amount of blood in the vascular system at a given time is known as
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total blood volume
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loss of blood volume =
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decreased pressure
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increased blood volume =
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increased pressure
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what is affected by elasticity, vasomotor changes and viscosity
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PVR
Peripheral vascular resistance |
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factors contributing to BP variations
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age
gender emotional state genetics / race food intake meds/drugs circadian rhythm exercise weight body position |
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Adult blood pressure should be less
than 120/80 T/F |
TRUE
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blood pressure that is elevated above the upper limits of normal
excess pressure in bloodvessels and organs leading to severe headache, chestpain, shortness of breath, stroke is called |
HYPERTENSION (HTN)
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Hypertension has a Systolic pressure of ____
and a Diastolic pressure of ____ |
>139 S
>89 D |
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when not enough blood getting to vital organs leading to a decrease in the normal blood pressure, it is called
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HYPOTENSION
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what has a pressure of <90/60
or 20-30 mm lower than normal BP causing fainting, diziness, blurred vision, lack of energy, pallor, confusion, chest pain, inc hr, weakness |
Hypotension
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an abnormal drop in blood pressure that occurs upon standing up from sitting or lying down position is called
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Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension
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an increase of blood volume has an
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increase of pressure
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ASSESSMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE
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Korotkoff Sounds p 576 T
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Phase 1 =
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first clear tapping SYSTOLIC #
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Phase 2 =
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swishing, muffled
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Phase 3 =
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loud distinct
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Phase 4 =
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muffled, soft , blowing
1ST DIASTOLIC FOR ADULTS AND FINAL DIASTOLIC FOR CHILDREN |
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Phase 5 =
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last sound heart
2ND DIASTOLIC FOR ADULTS - THIS IS THE DIASTOLIC # FOR ADULTS |
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What phase is the SYSTOLIC # and what phase is the DIASTOLIC #
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1ST = SYSTOLIC
5TH = DIASTOLIC |
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a disappearance of the sound during the latter part of phase 1 and during phase 2 is called
can lead to inaccurate readings, may be as much as 40 mm hg |
ausculatory gap
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when assessing BP you must
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palpatate brachial pulse and use BP CUFF AND STETHESCOPE
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when a PT has an increase of 40 beats in pulse rate or decrease of 20 mm HG it is considered to be _____________
and you must take BP and HR! |
orthostatic (postural) hypotension
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when measuring for blood pressure, use these IV sites unless there is dialysis or masectomy
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brachial (arm pulse)
popliteal (posterior knee Thigh) |
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if a patient is hypertensive - you should take blood pressure ....
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manually and electronically
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inaccurate bp measurement is due to
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difficult hearing
environment noise position of client wrong size cuff not pumping high enough fauilture to hear ausculatory gap deflating cuff to fast or slow reinflating the cuff |
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what condition will LOWER blood pressure
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low blood volume
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you obtain a supine (lying down) bp reading of 134/62 and a sitting blood pressure of 90/58. your immediate action is to
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assist the patient to return to a supine lying down position to get PT blood pressure back to normal
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noninvasive technique used to measure the arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation Sa02
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pulse oximetry
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a normal pulse oximetry reading is
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95-100 %
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pulse oximetry measures the percentage of ______ carried by teh available hemoglobin.
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oxygen
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pulse oximetry is used to monitor patients who
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recieve oxygen therapy
monitor for hypoxia evaluate respiratiory and circulatory status |
