Vital Signs

Front 1

Core body temperature is maintained a fairly constant range via the _____ in the _______.

Back 1

thermoregulatory center, hypothalamus

Front 2

The _____ center receives messages from cold and warm thermal receptors located where?

Back 2

thermoregulatory, throughout the body

Front 3

When temperature is at a setpoint, it initiates responses to either ____ or ____ body heat or to ____ heat loss.

Back 3

produce or conserve, increase

Front 4

The pulse is regulated by the ______ system through the ____ otherwise known as the _____.

Back 4

autonomic nervous, cardiac sinoatrial (SA) node, or pacemaker

Front 5

_______ stimulation of the ____ via the ___, decreases the heart rate and force of contraction.

Back 5

Parasympathetic, SA node, vagus nerve

Front 6

When dealing with the pulse, the vagus nerve does what?

Back 6

Decreases the heart rate and force of contraction

Front 7

The number of pulsations felt over a peripheral artery, or at the apex of the heart is what?

Back 7

The pulse rate

Front 8

Breathing changes occur by ____ or ___ of the _____ _____ by respiratory centers in the __ and ____.

Back 8

inhibition, stimulation, respiratory muscles, medulla, pons

Front 9

The respiratory centers are activated by impulses from ___ located in the ____ and ____, from stretch and irritant receptors in the ___ and from receptors in muscles and joints

Back 9

chemoreceptors, aortic arch, carotid arteries, lungs

Front 10

The respiratory centers are activated by impulses from chemoreceptors located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries from what two things?

Back 10

from stretch and irritant receptors in the lungs and from
receptors in muscles and joints

Front 11

_____ refers to the force of blood against arterial walls

Back 11

Blood Pressure

Front 12

The highest blood pressure is what?

Back 12

Systolic Pressure

Front 13

When Maximum blood pressure is exerted on the walls of arteries when the left ventricle of the heart pushes blood through the aortic valve into the aorta

Back 13

is the beginning of systole

Front 14

The lowest pressure present on the arterial walls is the what?

Back 14

Diastolic blood pressure

Front 15

Name five factors that effect body temperature

Back 15

circadian rhythms, age, gender, stress, and environmental temperatures

Front 16

Events that recur at 24-hour intervals called what?

Back 16

Circadian rhythm

Front 17

Body temperature is lower when?

Back 17

Early morning

Front 18

Body temperature peak is between what times?

Back 18

4-7pm

Front 19

When is circadian rhythm sometimes out of wack?

Back 19

Night shift

Front 20

What two age groups are most sensitive to changes in the environment?

Back 20

very young and very old

Front 21

When exposed to extreme cold without adequate protection what may occur?

Back 21

Hypothermia

Front 22

Extreme heat for long periods of time may cause what?

Back 22

Hyperthermia

Front 23

____ attempt to maintain a sufficient amount of blood to the cells at all times

Back 23

Compensatory mechanisms

Front 24

When stroke volume decreases. such as when blood volume decreases from hmorrhage, the heart rate does what?

Back 24

increases to maintain the same cardiac output

Front 25

Heart rate is also altered by what three things?

Back 25

pain, emotions, and medications

Front 26

What is stroke volume?

Back 26

amount of blood coming out of the left ventricle

Front 27

Name 7 factors that affect respiratory rate

Back 27

excercise, medications, trauma, infection, pain, heart disease, and emotions

Front 28

Name 9 Factors that affect blood pressure?

Back 28

Age, circadian rhythm, gender, food intake, excercise, emotions, body position, race and drugs/meds

Front 29

How does age affect blood pressure?

Back 29

older adults have decreased elasticity of the arteries, which increases peripheral resistance and therefore increases blood pressure

Front 30

How does circadian rhythm affect blood pressure?

Back 30

normal flucuations during the day. Blood pressure is usually lowest on rising

Front 31

How does Race affect Blood pressure?

Back 31

Hypertension is more prevalent in African American men and women

Front 32

How does drugs/meds affect Blood pressure?

Back 32

oral contraceptives cause a mild increase in BP

Front 33

How does gender affect blood pressure?

Back 33

woman usually have lower BP than men of the same age until menopause

Front 34

How does food intake affect blood pressure?

Back 34

BP increases after eating food

Front 35

How does exercise affect BP?

Back 35

Systolic BP rises during periods of exercise

Front 36

How does emotions affect BP?

Back 36

generally causes the BP to rise

Front 37

How does body position affect BP?

Back 37

BP lower when prone or supine than when standing or sitting

Front 38

Name 5 devices to assess temperature with

Back 38

electronic, digital, tympanic membrane, glass thermometer, temporal artery

Front 39

Pulse can be assessed in what 2 ways?

Back 39

palpating peripheral arteries or by auscultating the apical pulse with a stethoscope

Front 40

What 4 ways can temperature be assessed?

Back 40

Sublingual, anal, axillary, and tympanic

Front 41

What two ways can pulse be assessed?

Back 41

periperally or apically

Front 42

What two sites are there for assessing BP?

Back 42

brachial artery, and the popliteal artery

Front 43

Name the normal ranges for Vital Signs

Back 43

Temperature-98.6
Pulse-60-80 BPM
Respirations 12-20 breaths per minute
BP- 120/80

Front 44

Name the 5 normal ranges for temperature for various methods

Back 44

Oral-98.6
Rectal-99.5
Tympanic-99.5
Axillary-97.6
Forehead-94

Front 45

What to teach patients/family about temperature

Back 45

how to clean the probe after use to prevent transmission of microorganisms between family members

Front 46

What to teach patients/family about BP

Back 46

cuff sizes that are appropriate, and also about digital blood pressure monitoring equipment

Front 47

What to teach patients/family about pluse

Back 47

How to take a pulse

Front 48

Afebrile

Back 48

without fever

Front 49

Febrile

Back 49

fever

Front 50

Hypothermia

Back 50

below normal body temperature

Front 51

Hyperthermia

Back 51

high body temperature

Front 52

Piloerection

Back 52

goose bumps

Front 53

Muscle tremors are a result of what?

Back 53

shivering (initiated by hypothalamus)

Front 54

What is the primary source of heat?

Back 54

Metabolism

Front 55

what two things increase metabolism?

Back 55

exercise and horomones

Front 56

When dealing with temperature woman what?

Back 56

have more fluctuations in body temperatures (horomones)

Front 57

What is a throbbing sensation that can be palpated over a peripheral artery or ausculated over the apex of the heart

Back 57

Pulse

Front 58

Tachycardia

Back 58

rapid heart rate

Front 59

Bradycardia

Back 59

decreased heart rate

Front 60

Dysrhythmia

Back 60

irregular pattern of heart beats