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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What factors affect body temperature?
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o Time of day: highest in late afternoon and early evening
o Temporary increase: exercise, hot drinks, smoking o Pathologic States: infection, dehydration, hyperthyroidism, MI o Decrease: starvation, hemorrhage, physiologic shock |
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Normal Body Temperature (adult)
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37 C
Range: 35.5 to 37.5 C or 96.0 to 99.5 F |
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Normal Pulse Rate (adult)
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60-100 beats per minute
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Normal Respiration Rate (adult)
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14-20 breathes per minute
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Normal Blood Pressure (adult)
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Systolic: <120 mmHg
Diastolic: <80 mmHg Normal Range: 110/65 - 140/90 |
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Highest blood pressure a patient can present with to get treatment without further assessment or medical consult?
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140/90 mmHg
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What does the pulse measure?
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- alternate expansion and contraction of an artery as a wave of blood is forced out from the heart
- count of the heartbeats |
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What is tachycardia?
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Unusually fast heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
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What is bradycardia?
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Unusually slow heartbeat (below 50 beats per minute)
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What are some causes of increased pulse?
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- Exercise
- Stimulants - Eating - Strong emotions - Extremes of heat and cold - Some forms of heart disease |
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What are some causes of decreased pulse?
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- Sleep
- Depressants - Fasting - Quieting emotions - Low vitality from prolonged illness |
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How do you take a pulse?
- Where - With what fingers - How long - Other considerations |
Radial pulse: at the wrist
Use pointer and middle finger Count for 1 minute Rhythm, Volume, and Strength |
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What increases respiration?
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- Work and exercise
- Excitement - Nervousness - Strong emotions - Pain - Hemorrhage - Shock |
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What decreases respiration?
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- Sleep
- Certain drugs - Pulmonary insufficiency |
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How do you measure respiration rate?
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Count number of times chest rises in 1 minute without making patient aware
- Other consideration: depth, rhythm, quality, sounds, position of patient |
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What is the systolic pressure?
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- Peak or highest pressure
- Caused by ventricular contraction - When blood is forced out of heart and into the aorta and travels through the large arteries to the smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries |
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What is the diastolic pressure?
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- Lowest pressure
- Effect of ventricular relaxation - Pressure inside the arteries when heart is at rest and filling with blood |
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What is pulse pressure?
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Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
- Safe difference is less than 40mmHg |
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What increases blood pressure?
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- Exercise
- Eating - Stimulants - Emotional disturbance - Oral contraceptives - Age |
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What decreases blood pressure?
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- Fasting
- Rest - Depressants - Quiet emotions - Fainting - Blood loss - Shock |
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What is the procedure for taking blood pressure?
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1. Apply cuff to relaxed arm at level of heart with inflatable bladder directly over the brachial artery
2. Place stethoscope endpiece over where brachial pulse is felt. 3. Pump to inflate the cuff until the radial pulse stops (note the level of mercury) 4. Pump to 20 or 30 mmHg beyond where the radial pulse was no longer felt (this is the Maximum Inflation Level) 5. Release the air lock slowly (2 to 3 mm per second) 6. First sound is the systole (tap tap) and the number on the dial is the systolic pressure 7. Continue to release the pressure slowly. Note the number on the dial where the last distinct tap was heard because that is the diastolic pressure. 8. Let rest of air out rapidly. |
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At USC, what should you do if a patient's blood pressure is above 140/90?
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- Repeat the blood pressure measurement three times at 5-10 minute intervals.
- Call for help if still high. |
