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9 Cards in this Set
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Visual agnosia
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inability to appreciate the meaning of an object by sight, despite an intact visual system and the absence of aphasia and dementia. Pt cannot comprehend what he/she sees but can describe the purpose or actions. Language is normal. Common sign of stroke or also sx of Alzheimer's disease. The underlying patholophysiology has yet to be described.
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Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
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Very rare disorder. behavioral disorder that occurs when both the right and left medial temporal lobes of the brain malfunction. The amygdala has been a particularly implicated brain region. In humans see oral exploration, pt placing inedible objects in mouth intermittently, briefly, partly and absent-mindedly. Also hypersexual, visual agnosia, and docile. Tendency to eat unusual objects (ie. rocks). Most common symptoms are docility, hyperorality, and dietary changes.
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Prosopagnosia
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(Greek -prosopon, face, agnosia, lack of knowledge) inability to identify familiar faces due to lesions of the bilateral occipitotemporal lobe or right-sided temporal lobe. May also be attributed to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD or frontotemporal dementia.
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Balint's Syndrome
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Attributed to bilateral parieto-occipital region damage form strokes or AD. Three elements - ocular apraxia, optic ataxia, and simultanagnosia. (Ocular apraxia - neuropsychologic inability to shift attention away from an object to another in the periphery - have to close eyes to do so; optic ataxia - inability to look/search in deliberate pattern such as inability to read; simultanagnosia - when simultaneously confronted iwth objects in center and perhiphery of vision will ignore one in periphery).
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Visual hallucinations
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Originate in frontal, temporal lobe or occipital lobe, usually a result of a neurologic disorder unlike auditory hallucinations which typically are a result of psychiatric disorder. Also see visual hall. with migraine associated aura or neurodegenerative diseases such as AD< Lewy Body, or Parkinson's disease. Many classes of meds may cause hallucinations (anticholinergics, dopamine enhancers)
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Cortical blindness occurs when...
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bilateral occipital cortex injury happens to the posterior cerebrum. Usually due to bilateral posterior cerebral artery occulsions or traumatic occipital lobe injury. Or MS, extensive brain injury from anoxia, multiple strokes, cardiac arrest. On EEG lose normal posterior 8 - 12 Hz (alpha) rhythm. Pupils normal in size, reactivity to light because midbrain, optic and occulomotor nerves are intact
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Anton's Syndrom
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due to a bilateral PCA stroke. The patient is blind but insists vision is intact. Will confabulate by describing items in room, clothes etc. Maybe also extend beyond occipital lobe to temporal lobe so can observe amnesia or if affects parietal lobe see anosoagnosia
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Charles Bonnet Syndrome
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elderly visually handicapped patients have quiet harmless hallucinations, usually disclose reluctantly and are aware they are not real.
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Unilateral destructive cerebral injuries (i.e. large strokes) result in eyes looking toward or away from the stroke
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toward the stroke. "When eyes look away from paralysis, the stroke is cerebral."
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