Visual Design Literacy

Front 1

T or F. Top-down processing is primarily attuned to detecting edges of large shapes.

Back 1

False

Front 2

Bottom-up Processing

Back 2

- Relies on low level feature processing to build patterns, and recognize objects.

- ex: toddler and dog, car, and meeting

- Picks up on edges, differences in color, motion, and depth cues.

Front 3

the "Door Study"

Back 3

Showed that people don't notice changes outside their field of attention.

Front 4

Top-Down processing is good for :

Back 4

Goal-directed tasks/ eye movements

Front 5

Visual Perception is:

Back 5

Processes that govern response to visual stimuli

Front 6

name three things that call for a sense of goal-driected eye movements.

Back 6

word search puzzle, menu, map.

Front 7

T or F. Foveal Vision helps us navigate through space quickly, without banging into things.

Back 7

FALSE

Front 8

T or F. Peripheral vision is used for reading

Back 8

False

Front 9

A fixation is...

Back 9

An act of visual attention focused on a specific object.

Front 10

A saccade is...

Back 10

The rapid movement of the eye from one object of interest to another.

Front 11

About how many objects can our visual working memory hold in attention to any one time?

Back 11

Three

Front 12

T or F. Spacial grouping can be used to create pop-out

Back 12

True

Front 13

T or F. The anatomy of our visual system is designed to detect what is abnormal or novel.

Back 13

True

Front 14

T or F. everyone has essentially the same visual perception.

Back 14

False

Front 15

What are 3 of the most effective pre-attentive Feature Channels?

Back 15

Motion, Shape, Color

Front 16

Visual Perception is ...

Back 16

Processes that govern response to visual stimuli

Front 17

Our retinas are...

Back 17

Essentially 2d but curved.

Front 18

How many levels of variation are optimal in each feature channel?

Back 18

3

Front 19

T or F. The absence of pre-attentive feature is easier to detect than its presence.

Back 19

False

Front 20

The "What" pathway

Back 20

Closely related to Bottom-up processing

Front 21

The "Where" Pathway

Back 21

- Closely related to top-down processing

- uses rapid saccades to identify the next item of interest, based on memory, peripheral vision, and active searches.

Front 22

Pre-attentive Feature Channels

Back 22

Can be used by designers in the planning of eye movement.

Front 23

New Model of Vision

Back 23

Theorizes that evolution has biased our systems toward efficiency

Front 24

Old Model of Vision

Back 24

Suggests we record everything we see then recall it later from memory.

Front 25

"Just in time" processing

Back 25

Links Perception and action closely.

Front 26

T or F. Color is more fundamental to feature and pattern than is tone.

Back 26

False

Front 27

T or F. Humans can pre-attentively detect up to 3 feature channels, among multiple objects, at the same time, using the pop-out effect.

Back 27

False

Front 28

The Xbox 360 controller works well because the buttons use...

Back 28

each symbol differs from the others on several feature channels. (color, size, spatial grouping, and stereoscopic and tonal depth cues).

Front 29

in figure/ground compositions

Back 29

- the positive and negative roles should be nearly equal.

- Multiple readings create interest

- the shape of the negative space is as important as the shape of the positive space.

- the active and passive areas need not be black and white.

Front 30

Good Gestalt

Back 30

By eliminating visual info that our minds are free to create meaning

Front 31

Law of Continuity

Back 31

- Predicts Preference for continuous figures

- Intersects

- if objects are aligned, we see them as a whole.

Front 32

Law of Proximity

Back 32

- when objects are spaced in a uniform way, we perceive them as a group.

- spacial or temporal proximity of element may induce mind to perceive a continuity

- (temporal=time)

Front 33

Law of similarity

Back 33

- if objects are similar, we see them as groups.

- form, color, size, orientation, brightness, tone.

Front 34

Law of Closure

Back 34

- positive/negative space

- we see objects as a whole, even when they are incomplete.

- if part of an image is missing, we fill in the gaps.

Front 35

Law of Symmetry

Back 35

- We see objects as a symmetrical form when around a center point.

- When 2 symmetrical elements are unconnected, the mind connects them to make a coherent shape.

Front 36

Law of Common Fate

Back 36

-Objects are perceived as lines that move along the smoothest path.

- elements with same moving direction are perceived as a collective or unit.

Front 37

Law of Past Experience (isomorphism)

Back 37

- if objects are under some circumstances, categorized among past experience they are perceived together.

- grouped together/ close proximity.

Front 38

we tend to organize our visual experience in a manner that is ...

Back 38

regular, symmetric and simple.

Front 39

T or F. The overall principle of Gestalt asserts that the sum of the parts is greater than the whole.

Back 39

False

Front 40

Optical illusions can be

Back 40

Physiological or cognitive in nature.

Front 41

Physiological illusions

Back 41

Based on low level artifacts of visual input or processing hardware or "noise" in the system.

Front 42

Cognitive Illusions

Back 42

- The gestalt principles

- our desire to make sense of sensory input.

Front 43

The key parts of contour boundaries for the perception of objects are...

Back 43

Wherever the contours make a sharp change in direction.

Front 44

T or F. Proximity plays a little part in typographic layout design.

Back 44

False

Front 45

In tasks which involve matching, we can compare features, one by one, or try comparing the overall .........

Back 45

Gestalt

Front 46

Color coding in maps and data visualizations relies on which of these Gestalt Principles

Back 46

Law of Similarity

Front 47

In both McKim's essay on Visual Thinking and Gestalt, pattern is defined as

Back 47

Perceived Organization

Front 48

Visual experience involves......

Back 48

The integration of vision, cognitive and behavioral phenomena.

Front 49

Pattern completion involves _______ of the mind and eye

Back 49

The custructive activity

Front 50

Determining the direction of rotation in a drawing representing several connected belts and pulleys...

Back 50

uses kinesthetic thinking

Front 51

pattern finding permits the viewer to...

Back 51

See the whole and not just the sum of the parts.

Front 52

The solution to the "rotating dice problem" describes my Mckim requires an operation simlar to the orthographic imagination, involving....

Back 52

the ability to imagine how a solid object looks from several directions.

Front 53

Humans are better at visual pattern recognition than computers because

Back 53

Humans are capable of quickly scanning images as a whole, instead of checking every detail.

Front 54

Which one of the gestalt laws helps us the most when imagining and filling-in partially completed patterns?

Back 54

Law of closure

Front 55

Temple grandin was able to design successful equipment for cattle, in part, because she...

Back 55

used her imagination to put herself in the cows' place and visualize how cows would see.