Visual Art Final

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Gouache:

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-Watercolor with inert white pigment added.
-Inert pigment is pigment that becomes colorless or virtually colorless in paint. Serves to make colors opaque in gouache; can completely hide any ground or other color painted over.

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Aquatint:

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-Variation on etching process, is a way of achieving flat areas of tone-- gray values or intermediate values of color.
-In preparation of plate, the artist first dusts it with finely powdered resin. Plate then heated, so resin sticks to it. Whenplate dipped in acid, acid bites wherever there is no resin, all around the particles.

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Casting:

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-Involves a mold of some kind, into which liquid or semiliquid material is poured and allowed to harden.
-Most common method called lost-wax process (cire perdue).

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Human figure in Sculpture:

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-There is a desire to leave some trace of ourselves for future generations after we die.
-"presence." To portray a being in sculpture is to bring it into the world, give it a presence that is close to life itself. Ancient word satues often believed to have ambiguous, porous relationship to life.
-Gymnastics and sport inspired human figure sculpture (much by greek culture).

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Contrapposto-

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Meaning "counterpoise" or "counterbalance," sets the body in a gentle S-shaped curve through a play of opposites.

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Clay/Ceramics-

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-Involve making objects from clay, a naturally occuring earth substance.
-"most versatile craft."
-Mixed with water when dry becomes plastic-- that is, moldable and cohesive.
-Once clay form built then dried, will hold shape, but is very fragile.
-To ensure permancence form must be fired in kiln at temps between 1,200 to 2700 deg F. Firing changes chemical composition of clay so never again made plastic
-Must be hollow: (1)b/c often meant to hold things; (2) solidpiece difficult to fire andexplode in kiln.

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(Clay) techniques:

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-Slab construction- clay rolled into sheet, then dried slightly. Sheet or slab handled many ways.
-Coiling- make thin, hollow form. Ceramist rolls out rope like strands of clay, then coils them upon one another and join together. Can be smoothed completely to produce uniform, flat wall.
-Potters wheel.

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(Clay) Porcelain-

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Made of mixture of fine white clay called kaolin and a feldspar quartz called petuntse.

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Glass-

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-"Most facinating craft material."
-Principle ingredients usually silica, or sand.
-When heated becomes molten, and in that state can be shaped by several different methods. As it cools it rehardens, but can be reheated and rendered molten again for further working.

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(glass)Stained glass-

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-Technique used for windows, lampshades, and similar structures that permit light to pass through.
-Made by cutting sheets of glass in various colors into small pieces, then fitting pieces together to form a pattern.
-Often segments joined by strips of lead, hence the term leaded stained glass.

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(glass) Blowing-

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-dates from roman times
-Artist dips up a portion of molten glass at end of long pipe. By blowing through opposite end of pipe, produces glass bubble that can be shaped or cut by various methods while still hot.

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Fiber-

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-Means narrow strand of vegetable oranimalmaterial (cotton, linen, wool, silk) or modern-day synthetic equivalents.
-commonly weaving

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(Fiber) Tapestry-

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-special type of weaving in which the weft yarns are manipulated freely to form a pattern or design on the front of the fabric. Often weft yarns are of several colors and weaver can use diff-colored yarns almost as flexibly as a painter uses pigment on canvas.

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Metal-

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-"most indestructible craft"

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(metal) forging-

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-Art of blacksmith.
-involves heating a chunk of metal over a fire until is red-hot, then beating and shaping t with hammers.