Vision, Visual Perception, And Praxis

Front 1

Vision

Back 1

ability to receive sensory input through they eyes--sight

Front 2

Visual perception

Back 2

ability to interpret and use sensory input received through the eyes

Front 3

Praxis

Back 3

motor planning

Front 4

Role of OT vs specialists re: eyes

Back 4

OTs screen and describe functional deficits, they do not diagnose

Front 5

OT screening re: eyes

Back 5

determine if further eval is warranted

Front 6

Optometrists

Back 6

oversee OT services; referral source depending on state

Front 7

Opthamologists

Back 7

An actual dr. specializing in eyes/vision; can do eye surgery; referral source depending on state

Front 8

Vision therapy

Back 8

carry out tx plan determined by eye MD--SPECIALTY OT AREA

Front 9

Evaluating vision- OT assessments

Back 9

basic eye/ medial tx; symptoms/complains; functional observation; screening of foundation skills; evaluation of perception, praxis etc as necessary; referral as needed

Front 10

What kinds of questions can an OT ask to gather medical and personal history related to vision?

Back 10

when do you start experiencing difficulties?, are you currently?; do you wear glasses, contacts? since when?; have you seen an eye dr recently? treatments?; what changes have you noticed in your vision?; do you use any adaptive equipment for vision?; does your vision limit your fxnl abilities?

Front 11

Intervention strategies re: vision

Back 11

Depends on the visual deficit(s) and diagnosis
1) Restore
2) Adapt/Modify

Front 12

Restore approach re: vision

Back 12

through vision rehab, in conjunction with optometrist

Front 13

What population using the restore approach re: vision?

Back 13

Stroke and TBI, acute neurological impairments

Front 14

Adapt/Modify approach re: vision

Back 14

Compensatory strategies including environmental modifications and adaptive equipment

Front 15

Visual Perceptual (VP) hierarchy

Back 15

(seep pg. 4 of ppt for clarification)
Top-Bottom:
adaptation--through vision; visual cognition, visual memory, pattern recognition; scanning, attention=alert & attentive, visual acuity, visual fields, oculomotor control

Front 16

Visual Foundation Skills

Back 16

1) Visual Acuity
2) Visual Fields
3) Oculomotor Control

Front 17

Visual Acuity

Back 17

Ability for eyes to produce sharp, clear images--assures the accuracy of the info sent to the brain

Front 18

Visual Fields

Back 18

scope of vision--lets the brain know what's going on in the environment

Front 19

Oculomotor Control

Back 19

Ability of eyes to move in smooth and coordinated ways--ensures efficient eye movements; includes eye alignment, convergence, divergence, accommodation, tracking, saccades

Front 20

Impairments of Visual Foundation Skills

Back 20

Visual impairments changes the quality and quantity of visual input to the brain, which can affect perceptual abilities; decreases persons ability to use vision to adapt; need to examine the visual foundation skills before you examine other areas

Front 21

Visual Acuity Screening

Back 21

Screened using the Snellen Chart--near acuity (within 16 inches), far acuity (more than 20 feet)

Front 22

Visual Acuity Deficits may be due to..

Back 22

errors in refraction, inability to process image due to disease, or poor transmission of image by optic n.

Front 23

Client complaints: How would you know client may have visual acuity problems?

Back 23

Blurred near or far vision, print too small, print too faint, headaches, squinting

Front 24

Visual Acuity effects on fxn.

Back 24

Holds objects too close to face, loss of facial recognition, fear of new environments, lack of interest in environment, difficulty finding objects, loss of interest in reading, vision fluctuating throughout the day, bumps into low contrast objects, depression

Front 25

Visual Field screening

Back 25

use a pen to test central and peripheral visual fields (superior, inferior, lateral)--think of the activity we did in class, patient is seated and one person is the tester and the other sits in front of pt. and has pt. stare directly at them and says when they see the pen in their visual field

Front 26

Client complaints: How would you know client may have visual field problems?

Back 26

bumps into objects, cant find things, difficulty reading

Front 27

Visual field effect on function

Back 27

difficulty moving in crowded or busy environments, anxiety, startle response, difficulty with self-care, may be unsafe, impaired ability to drive

Front 28

Client complaints: How would you know client may have occulomotor skill problems?

Back 28

Headaches, difficulty keeping eyes focused, dizziness, impaired balance

Front 29

Occulomotor skill effect on function

Back 29

excessive head movements, when reading- frequent loss of place and skipping lines, under and over-reaching