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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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myopia
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near-sighted [can't see far]
MOST COMMON light rays connect in front of retina |
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hyperopia
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far-sighted [can't see near]
light rays connect behind retina |
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presbyopia
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farsightedness that occurs with natural process of aging
lens becomes firmer, less elastic, and larger |
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aphakia
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absence of the lens
images are projected behind rentina |
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S/S of cataracts
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painless loss of vision, decrease in visual acuity, glare and light sensitivity, blurred vision, white pupils, absent red reflex
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risk factors of cataracts
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age related, trauma, DM, heredity, excessive exposure to sun, certain drugs
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Mydriatic
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dilate pupil
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cycloplegic
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pralayze acommodation and dilate pupil
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NSAID
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reduces inflammation
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activities that increase IOP
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bending over at waist, sneezing, coughing, straining, vomiting, head hyperflexion, restrictive clothing, sex
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keratitis
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inflammation or infection of the cornea that can be caused by a variety of microorganisms or by other factors
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conjunctivitis
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infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva
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Most common bacterial infection of the eye
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acute bacterial conjunctivitis PINK EYE!
most common causative organism is s. aureus |
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glaucoma
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increased IOP and consquences of elevated pressure, optic nerve atrophy and peripheral visual field loss
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normal IOP
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10-21 mmHg
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Open angle glaucoma
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most common
develops slowly without symptoms caused by decreased outflow of aqueous humor |
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acute angle glaucoma
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Sudden onset with excruciating pain
nausea and vomiting, halos, blurred vision, ocula reddness, corenal edema with frosted apperence EMERGENCY!! |
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meds to reduce IOP
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beta blockers [decreases production]
alpha adrenergic agonists [decreases production and increases outflow] cholingeric agents (miotics) [stimulate iris sphincter contraction] carbonic anhydrase inhibitors[ decreases production] |
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mydriatic eye drops
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dilate
monitor for signs of systemic toxicity [tachycardia, CNS effects] wear dark glasses phenylephrine HCL acid [neo-synephrine, mydfrin] |
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miotic eye drops
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constricts pupil
cautions pt about decreased visual acuity [particularly in dim light] cholingeric agents [carbachol, isopto] |
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cycloplegic eye drops
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paralyze and dilate pupil
dim lights in room, montior for signs of system toxicity [tachycardia, CNS effects], wear dark glasses! atropine |
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Beta-blocking eye drops
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decreases aqueous humor
dont take if bradycradic, cardiogenic shock, or cardio failure betaxolol [betoptic] |
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retinal detachment
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layer of retina seperates dus to accumulation of fluid between the layers
breaks can be tears or holes |
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S/S of retinal detachment
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bright flashesof light
floaters partial "curtain drawing over visual field" sensation loss of vision painLESS |
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tx of retinal detachment
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laser photocoagulation [creates scar which seals edges]
cryoretinopexy [extreme cold creates inflammatory response] |
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trauma to eye
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DO NOT put pressure on eye
intrust pt to NOT blow nose stabilize foreign object cover the eye with dry, sterile patch do not give food or fluids |
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chemical injury to eye
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ocular irrigation immediately
do not stop until instruceted to do so sterile sline is best-- water if not avaliable reassure the patient monitor pain |
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macular degeneration
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most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in perons over age 60
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dry macular degeneration
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90% of cases
close vision task more difficult more cellular slowly progressive |
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wet macular degeneration
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10% of cases
if untreated will become funtionally blind rapid onset more vascular |
