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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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obligatory intracellular parasites; contain a single type of nucleic acid; protein coat that surrounds nucleic acid; multiply by using host cell machinery; cause the synthesis of specialized structures that can x-fer viral nucleic acid to other cells
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virus
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the spectrum of host cells the virus can infect; determined by the virus's requirements for its specific attachment to the host cell and the availability within the potential host of cellular factors required for viral multiplication
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host range
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20 to 1000 nanometer (nm) in length
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viral size
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complete, fully developed, infectious viral particle composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a protein coat that serves as protection from the environment and is a vehicle of transmission from one host cell to another
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virion
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protein coat protecting nucleic acid of virus; structure is determined by the viral nucleic acid and accounts for most of the mass of the virus
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capsid
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protein subunits of capsid; arrangement is characteristic of a particular type of virus
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capsomere
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covers the capsid; usually consists of some combination of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
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envelope
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carbohydrate-protein complex covering viral envelope; used as a means of identification; means of attachment to host cells in some cases
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spikes
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viruses that are not covered by an envelope
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nonenveloped virus
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resemble long rods that may be rigid or flexible; nucleic acid found within a hollow, cylindrical capsid; ex. rabies, Ebola virus
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helical viruses
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shaped like a icosahedron (20 triangular faces and 12 corners); capsomeres of each face form an equilateral triangle; many plant, animal, and bacterial viruses; ex. adenovirus, poliovirus
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polyhedral virus
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spherical virus; can be helical or polyhedral; ex. influenza virus (helical), HSV (polyhedral)
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enveloped virus
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complex viral structure; consist of capsid head, sheath, tail fiber, baseplate, and pin; ex. bacteriophage, poxviruses
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complex virus
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viruses that infect bacteria
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bacteriophage/phage
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a group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche
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viral species
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mode of viral multiplication that ends in lysis and death of host cell
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lytic cycle
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mode of viral multiplication in which the host cell remains alive
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lysogenic cycle
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the separation of the viral nucleic acid from its protein coat on the virion is enclosed within the vesicle
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uncoating
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a gene that bring about malignant transformation
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oncogene
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virus that is capable of inducing tumors in animals
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oncogenic virus/oncoviruses
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the process in which genes are transferred from one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA in soluiton; the changing of a normal cell into a cancer cell
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transformation
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proteinaceous infectious particle; result of an altered protein; no detectable nucleic acid; causing neurology diseases
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prion
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short pieces of naked RNA with no protein coat; infecting only plants
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viroid
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