Viruses And Prions

Front 1

simplest organism on earth; considered living because they replicate but non-living because replication isn't independent.

Back 1

Virus (Ch. 10)

Front 2

How many genes can viruses have?

Back 2

2-50 genes

Front 3

Required for viruses to propagate new virions.

Back 3

host factory

Front 4

complete virus particle

Back 4

virion

Front 5

bacterial viruses that cause holes in bacteria in a petre dish by killing the bacteria

Back 5

bacteriophages

Front 6

nucleic acid + protein coat

Back 6

nucleocapsid

Front 7

How are viruses grouped?

Back 7

By size and shape, naked or enveloped, and DNA or RNA.

Front 8

Term meaning to break open a cell

Back 8

lyse

Front 9

Viruses with potential to become lytic

Back 9

lysogen aka provirus

Front 10

Name the stages of the viral life cycle

Back 10

1. attachment
2. penetration
3. uncoating
4. nucleic acid replication
5. protein sythesis
6. self assembly
7. Release

Front 11

A surface protein of a virion with a specific attachment site

Back 11

glycoprotein

Front 12

How does naked virus penetration occur?

Back 12

endocytosis

Front 13

Step in the viral life cycle where host's enzymes uncoat nucleocapsid, releasing viral nucleic acid inside of host cell.

Back 13

uncoating

Front 14

How are enveloped viruses uncoated?

Back 14

lysosomal enzymes

Front 15

How are naked viruses uncoated?

Back 15

cytoplasmic proteins

Front 16

In what part of host cell does DNA virus replication occur?

Back 16

host nucleus, where host DNA synthesis occurs

Front 17

What is required for DNA virus replication?

Back 17

At least one protein for replication to subvert host replication enzymes to from replicating host DNA to replicating virus DNA.

Front 18

In what part of host cell does RNA virus replication occur?

Back 18

host cell cytoplasm

Front 19

Why must RNA viruses code for their own RNA polymerase?

Back 19

Host cell lacks enzymes that will recognize the virus RNA template.

Front 20

When is the only time an infected host cell is not converted for exclusive replication of the virus?

Back 20

In the case of tumor viruses

Front 21

In what part of the host cell does viral protein synthesis take place?

Back 21

host cytoplasm (where translation occurs)

Front 22

Step of the viral life cycle that occurs like magnets d/t natural binding sites

Back 22

self assembly

Front 23

How are naked viruses released from host cell?

Back 23

They lyse the host cell

Front 24

How are enveloped viruses released from the host cell?

Back 24

They bud through the host cell membrane, acquiring a coat that becomes their envelope.

Front 25

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell.

Back 25

adsorption

Front 26

The protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid genome inside a virus.

Back 26

capsid

Front 27

The protein subunit of a capsid.

Back 27

capsomere

Front 28

Changes in human cells caused by viral infection.

Back 28

cytopathic effects

Front 29

Microscopically observable dark areas of virus particles.

Back 29

inclusion bodies

Front 30

Organisms incapable of growing outside of a host cell.

Back 30

obligate intracellular parasites

Front 31

Icosahedron:

Back 31

Twenty identical sides

Front 32

The nucleic acid in a virion is either ,________or ______ but not both

Back 32

RNA or DNA

Front 33

Spongiform encephalopathy in humans

Back 33

Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease

Front 34

Another name for spongiform encephalopathy in humans

Back 34

Kuru

Front 35

The smallest known replicating agents; they do not have DNA,RNA, or nucleic acids.

Back 35

prions

Front 36

Spongiform encephalopathy in sheep.

Back 36

scrapie

Front 37

How does enveloped virus penetration occur?

Back 37

membrane fusion

Front 38

An area of no living cells

Back 38

plaque

Front 39

CPE in which cells are killed in a virus growth area resulting in plaques

Back 39

cell killing

Front 40

How are the number of viruses quantified using cell killing?

Back 40

by counting the number of plaque

Front 41

CPE in which host cells no longer adhere tightly to the bottom of the tissue cx dish.

Back 41

round up

Front 42

CPE in which there is an accumulation of observable dark areas of virus particles

Back 42

inclusion bodies

Front 43

CPE in which viruses cause cells to join together into giant cells

Back 43

syncytia formation

Front 44

CPE in which tumor viruses cause cells to keep growing until piles of cells are visible in dish.

Back 44

transformation

Front 45

Viruses that carry out transcription in reverse, using an RNA template to make a DNA copy

Back 45

retroviruses

Front 46

An enzyme that uses viral RNA as a template to produce a duplex DNA copy that is integrated into host chromosome where virus is then expressed.

Back 46

reverse transcriptase (RT)

Front 47

Name the only two types of viruses that are associated with cancer

Back 47

DNA viruses and retroviruses