Viruses

Front 1

Viruses are acellular or multicellular?

Back 1

a cellular

Front 2

Viruses contain _____ or _____

Back 2

DNA
RNA

Front 3

Viruses are srrounded by a _____ _____ also known as a _____

Back 3

protein coat
capsid

Front 4

Some viruses are enclosed by an evelope with what?

Back 4

spikes

Front 5

Most viruses infect only specific _____ of cells in one _____

Back 5

types
host

Front 6

Host range is determined by what 2 things?

Back 6

1) specific host attachment sites
2) cellular factors

Front 7

What is the biggest virus known to date?

Back 7

Ebola Virus

Front 8

What are the names of the 2 protein subunites that virus capsid can be made out of?

Back 8

Protomers or Capsomeres

Front 9

Another name for a virus evelope is what?

Back 9

peplos

Front 10

Another name for a virus spike is what?

Back 10

pelomeres

Front 11

What is a Virion?

Back 11

intact fully infectious virus

Front 12

Decribe the morphology of Helical Viruses?

Back 12

Rod shaped with capsomers arranged in a helix

Front 13

Decribe the morphology of Polyhedral Viruses?

Back 13

Spherical shapped with capsomer arranged in a polyhedron

Front 14

Decribe the morphology of Complex Viruses?

Back 14

both helical and polyhedral compnents
seen in bacteriophages

Front 15

Give an example of a virus with unknown symmetry

Back 15

Poxviruses

Front 16

What must viruses be grown in?

Back 16

Living cells

Front 17

The 5 step Cycle of multiplication of Bacteriopgaes is known as

Back 17

Lytic Cycle

Front 18

Step 1 of the Lytic Cycle

Back 18

Attachment host cell
Phage attaches by tail tibers and pins to the cell membrane

Front 19

Step 2 of the Lytic Cycle

Back 19

Penetrating and Uncoating Phage lysozyme opens cell wall, tail sheath Contracts to Force tail core and DNA into cell

Front 20

Step 3 of the Lytic Cycle

Back 20

Biosynthesis
Replication of phage DNA and synthesis of capsid proteins

Front 21

Step 4 of the Lytic Cycle

Back 21

Maturation
Aseembly of phage particles

Front 22

Step 5 of the Lytic Cycle

Back 22

Release
Phage lysozyme destrotys cell wall; osmotic lysis of cell

Front 23

In Animal Viral Taxonomy viruses have a _____ and _____ name

Back 23

genus
species

Front 24

In Animal Viral Taxonomy the genus name end in what word?

Back 24

virus

Front 25

In Animal Viral Taxonomy viral species are considered what?

Back 25

A group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche (host). Common names are used for species

Front 26

In Animal Viral Taxonomy subspecies are designated by what?

Back 26

a number
EX HSV1 (cold spores) HSV2 (genital warts)

Front 27

When 1 virus infects 1 cell it is able to make how many new viruses in 25 minutes?

Back 27

400

Front 28

Describe the 1 step growth curve of viruses

Back 28

0-5 minutes: Penetrations
5-25 minutes: Biosynthesis and maturation
after 25 minutes: Cell burst pgae particles are released by lysis

Front 29

Viruses are grouped into families based on what?

Back 29

Similar physical properties

Front 30

What are the 3 types of living cells used for growing animal viruses?

Back 30

1) Live animals
2) Enbryonated eggs
3) Tissue Culture

Front 31

When Animal viruses are grown in tissue cell culture Normal or Primary cells are grown in _____ on plastic and Transformed or Continues cell cultures form _____ .

Back 31

monolayers
foci

Front 32

Virus infection causes what kind of effect? Which does what?

Back 32

Cytopathic effect which make cell round and detach from a monolayer

Front 33

Step 1 in Multiplication of Animal Viruses

Back 33

Attachments
Virsuses attaches to cell membrane

Front 34

Step 2 in Multiplication of Animal Viruses

Back 34

Penetation
By Endocytosis (naked virus) or Fusion (enveloped)

Front 35

Step 3 in Multiplication of Animal Viruses

Back 35

Uncoating
envelop removal or capsid removal

Front 36

Step 4 in Multiplication of Animal Viruses

Back 36

Biosynthesis
synthesis of nucleic acid and proteins

Front 37

Step 5 in Multiplication of Animal Viruses

Back 37

Maturation
Nucleic acid and capsid proteins assemble

Front 38

Step 6 in Multiplication of Animal Viruses

Back 38

Release
By buddying (enveloped viruses) or Lysis (ruptures of cytoplasmic membrane)

Front 39

Penetration and Uncoating by Fusion

Back 39

The spikes of the capsid attach to the cell membrane and fuse with the cell membrane.

Front 40

Penetration and Uncoating by Endocytosis

Back 40

The naked virus attachs to the cell membrane and is engulfed. Inside the vacuole it is called an endosome. The virus will lose its capsid and uncoat near the nuclear membrane while releasing info into the nucleas.

Front 41

Describe Phase 1 of Retroviruses

Back 41

Phase 1 is known as Intigrations which is under control of the virus
Viral RDDP converts vRNA to vDNA
Viral inegrase inserts vDNA into cell chromosomes

Front 42

Describe Phase 2 of Retroviruses

Back 42

Phase 2 is known as Multiplication which is under control of the cell
cell DDRP transcribes viral message from provirus
cell ribosomes translates viral message into viral proteins
virus assembles and buds from cell