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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Virus |
A nonliving particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids. |
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Capsid |
The protein coat surrounding a virus. |
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Bacteriophages |
Viruses that infect bacteria. |
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Lytic Infection |
A virus enters a bacterial cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst, or lyse. |
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Lysogenic Infection |
A host cell is not immediately taken over. Instead, the viral nucleic acid is inserted into the host cell's DNA, where it is copied along with the host DNA without damaging the host. |
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Prophage |
Bacteriophage DNA that becomes embedded in the bacterial host's DNA. |
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Retroviruses |
The genetic information of a retrovirus is copied from RNA to DNA instead of from DNA to RNA. |
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Prokaryotes |
Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus. |
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Bacilli |
Rod-shaped prokaryotes. |
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Cocci |
Spherical prokaryotes. |
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Spirilla |
Spiral and corkscrew-shaped prokaryotes. |
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Binary Fission |
When a prokayote has grown so that it has nearly doubled in size, it replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical cells. |
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Endospore |
A thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm. |
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Conjugation |
A hollow bridge forms between two bacterial cells, and genetic material, usually in the forms of a plasmid, moves from one cell to another. |
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Pathogens |
Disease-causing agents. |
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Vaccine |
A preparation of weakened or killed pathogens or inactivated toxins. |
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Antibiotics |
A number of drugs can be used to attack a bacterial infection. |
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Emerging Disease |
An unknown disease that appears in a population for the first time or a well-known disease that suddenly becomes harder to control. |
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Prions |
Clumps of tiny protein particles. |
