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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
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The symptoms and signs present during the late stages of HIV infection, defined by a specified reduction in the number of T cells and the appearance of characteristic secondary infections.
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bacteriophage
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A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage.
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capsid
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The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more complex in shape.
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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
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The infectious agent that causes AIDS. HIV is a retrovirus.
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host range
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The limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect.
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lysogenic cycle
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A type of phage reproductive cycle in which the viral genome becomes incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage and does not kill the host.
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lytic cycle
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A type of phage reproductive cycle resulting in the release of new phages by lysis (and death) of the host cell.
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pandemic
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A global epidemic.
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phage
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A virus that infects bacteria; also called a bacteriophage
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prion
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An infectious agent that is a misfolded version of a normal cellular protein. They appear to increase in number by converting correctly folded versions of the protein to more of these.
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prophage
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A phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on a bacterial chromosome.
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provirus
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A viral genome that is permanently inserted into a host genome.
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restriction enzyme
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An endonuclease (type of enzyme) that recognizes and cuts DNA molecules foreign to a bacterium (such as phage genomes). The enzyme cuts at specific nucleotide sequences (restriction sites).
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retrovirus
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An RNA virus that reproduces by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome; an important class of cancer-causing viruses.
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reverse transcriptase
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An enzyme encoded by certain viruses (retroviruses) that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.
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temperate phage
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A phage that is capable of reproducing by either a lytic or lysogenic cycle.
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vaccination
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See immunization
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vaccine
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A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host’s immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen.
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viral envelope
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A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
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viroid
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A plant pathogen consisting of a molecule of naked, circular RNA a few hundred nucleotides long.
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virulent phage
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A phage that reproduces only by a lytic cycle.
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