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67 Cards in this Set

  • Front
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DNA Viruses
Parva's Papa Adds Her Poxes to Hepa's
Parvo-, Papo-, Adeno-, Herpes, Pox-, Hepadna-

All are;
Double Stranded DNA except Parvo (Single Stranded)
Icosahedral except Pox (bricked shaped)
Replicate DNA in Nucleus except Pox (Cytoplasm)
Parvoviridae
SINGLE stranded DNA Naked Icosahedral

B19 = Fifth Disease

Common Children 6-10
Slapped Cheek Fever, Flu like, Lacey Rash on body,

Adults
Arthralgias

Fetus
Hydrops fetalis, CHF, abortion

Infects Erythroid progenitor Cells --> anemia
Sickle Cell anemai --> Aplastic Crisis
B19
Parvo virus

Fifth Disease

Common in Children 6-10
Slapped Cheek Fever, Flu like, Lacey Rash on body,

Adults
Arthralgias

Fetus
Hydrops fetalis, CHF, abortion

Infects Erythroid progenitor Cells --> anemia
Sickle Cell anemia --> Aplastic Crisis
Papoviridae
dsDNA Circular, Naked Icosahedral

(Human Papilloma Virus)- Warts Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

(BK Virus)- Renal Disease Kidney infection in AIDS

(JC Virus)- Demyelination in Oligodendrocytes. PML Progressive Multifocal leukoencephalophathy
HPV
Papo Virus
Human Papilloma Virus

Skin/Genital Reservoir spread by direct contact

Infects basal layer + Mucosa
Hyperkeratosis--> Warts
E6 E7 inhibits Tumor S G p53 and RB

(HPV 1) Planar Warts
(HPV 2-4) Common Warts
(HPV 6-11) Genital Warts / Laryngeal Papolomas
(HPV 16&18) Cervical intraepi Neoplasia

DX: Koilocytic atypia Cells on Pap Smear
TX: Wart Removal
Gardisal Protects from HPV 6, 11, 16, 18
Herpesvirdae
Large dsDNA Linear
Enveloped Icosahedral Dervies from Nuclear Membrane
Intranuclear inclusion bodies
Estblishes Latency

Herpes Simplex 1 and 2- Oral & Genital Herpes
Varicella/Zoster- ChickenPox/Shingles
Epstein Barr- Mono, Lympoprolif Disease, Hairy Oral Leuplakia
CytoMegaloVirus- CM inclusion, Mono, Pneumonitis Retinitis
Human Herpes Virus 6- Roseola
Human Herpes Virus 8- Kaposi Sarcoma
HSV 1
Herpes Virus
Herpes Symplex Virus (Torches)

HSV 1 (Respiratory/Saliva) Latent in Trigeminal Ganglion
"Above the Waist"
Cold Sores-
KeratoConjucntivitis-
Encephalitis Temporal Lobe-

DX: Tzanck Smear look for MNGC with Inclusion bodies
TX: Acyclovir
HSV 2
Herpes Virus
Herpes Simplex Virus (Torches)

HSV2 (Sexually Transmit) Latent in Lumbosacral ganglia

Genital Sores (sometimes oral)

DX: Tzanck Smear MNGCs with Inclusion bodies
TX: Acyclovir
Varicella Zoster
Herpes Virus (Varicella = Pox, Zoster = Shingles)

Respiratory drops--> Replicates in Lymph--> Blood--> Spleen/Liver --> Blood --> SkinRash --> Dorsal Root Ganglia

-Chicken Pox- Fever, Pharyngitis, Rhinitis, Asnychronous Rash (Face-->Trunk)

-Shingles- Unilateral Rash follows Dermatome

-Encephalitis/Pneumonia- in IC

DX: Tzanck Smear MNGCs or Ag PCR Detection
TX: Acyclovir, Famciclovir
Vaccine: Live attenuated
Epstein Barr
Herpesvirdae

- Mononucleosis (Heterphoile +) Fever, Pharyngitis, Lymph, Splenomegaly --> Rupture
- Lymphoproliferative Disease (IC) Tcells can not control Bcell Growth
- Hairy Oral Leukoplakia (AIDS) Hyperprolif of lingual epithelial cells

(Predispose)
* Burkitt lymphoma- AIDS,Africa, (c-myc oncogene), Max Mandible, Abdomen
* Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma- Asia
* Hodgkin Lymphoma-

1st infects mucosa/epi/B cells--> Binds CD21 on Bcells (acts as mitogen)-->
Generates Lg T cells (Downey Cells)= 70%WBC

Hetero Ab produced from B cell activation (Mitogen)

DX: Heterophile Ab Test
EBV Specific Ab Test- Anti VCA IgM (Acute), Anti-VCA IgG (Prior)
CMV
Herpesvirdae
CytoMegalo Virus

* Mononucleosis Heterophile Negative- Fever, Mild hepatitis
* Congenital CMV- (No defects --> Severe)
- Thrombocytopenic Purpura Blueberry Muffin Rash
- Jaundice Hepatosplenomegaly
- Pneumonitis, CNS Damage

MR.DICS (vs Toxoplas)
Microcephaly, Mental Retard, Deaf, Intracranial Calcifications, Seizures

MCC- Viral Congenital Infection, Viral Mental Retard, Sensorineural Deaf

* IC CMV- Retinitis, Esophagitis, Atypical Pneumonia, Renal Fail, Addisons

CMV blocks expression of MHC I on WBCs --> NO Cyotoxic Response

DX: Owl's Eye inclusions in Urine/Biopsy
Virus Culture/ Serology PCR
TX: AIDS Ganciclovir/Foscarmet + IgG
HH6
Herpesvirdae
Human Herpes 6 (Exanthem Subitum)
Roseola, Sixth Diease

6-24months
Virus 1st Replicates in Mononuc cells in blood.
Latent in Mononuclear Cells

High Fever (3-4Days), After Fever--> Lacy Body Rash (No Face)
**(Vs. B19 = Rash Face)

MCC Seizures Febrile
DX:Clinical
TX:
HH8
Herpesvirdae
Kaposi Sarcoma

STD

Turns on VEGF--> Dark Purple Lesions on Palate/skin/oral mucosa/GI/Lungs
Inactivates RB Tumor Supressor --> Increases cell Prolif
Infects B cells

MCC Cancer in AIDS
Adenoviridae
Naked, Linear dsDNA
Icosahedral

MCC Tonsillitis children
MCC Viral conjunctivitis
3rd MCC colds

Respiratory, Fecal/Oral
Penton fibers act as hemagglutinins. Toxic to cells

(ARD) Acute Respiratory Disease and Atypic Pnemonia-

Pharyngoconjunctivitis- Pharyngitis + Pinkeye + Fever

Keratoconjunctivitis- Highly Contagious, Foreign Objects

Acute Hemorrhagic Cystistis- 5-15yo Boys
Gastroenteritis- < 2yo

Live Vaccine
Poxviridae
Linear dsDNA Enveloped
Brick-shaped Capside
Replicates in Cytoplasm (Guarneri Bodies)
Viron transcriptase

Variloa
Vaccinia (Cow pox)
Molluscum contagiosum
Monkey Pox
Orf
Variola
Poxviridae
Small Pox, Classic Pox
Only one serotype, 1977 Eradication

Virus enters Resp Tract--> Lymph--> Virema--> 2nd Virema infects dermal tissues/organs

Rash starts at Mouth-->Face
Flu 2-4days

DX: Guarneri Bodies in Cells
VX: Live (Cow, Monkey, Vaccinia)
Molluscum Contagiosum
Poxviridae
Direct contact, Sex
Wrestling, Swim Team

Replicates in Dermis
AIDS
White/Pink umbilicated "warts"

DX: Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies
Hepadnaviridae
Enveloped
Circular Partial dsDNA
Icosahedral Capsid
Viron Ploymerase

Hepatitis B
HBV
Hepadnaviridae
Blood Sex Milk 1-4 month incubation
DNA Poly = Reverse Transcriptase


Fever, Malaise, Anorexia Vomit, Dark Urine, Jaundice Arteritis--> Cirrhosis or hepaatocell carcinoma

Enters cell--> Viral Poly completes partial Circluar dsDNA--> Host RNA Poly transcribes a RNA intermediate-->RNA intermediate sent to cytoplasm-->Viral DNA Poly reverse trans transcribes this to make DNA progeny

HBs ab = immune
HBc ab = infection
HBe ab = successful treatment

DX: serology
TX: IFN
VX: HBsAg Recombinant
Positive Stranded RNA Viruses
All are single stranded (except Reovirus)
All carry RNA dependent RNA Poly
Viron associated Poly (Reo, Arena, Retro)
All are Enveloped (except Picorna, Calici, Reo)
Segmented Different genes on Different pieces of RNA. ROBA (Reo, Orthomyxo, Bunya, Arena)

Calici
Picorna
Flavi
Toga
Corona
Retro
Caliciviridae
Naked, Pos ssRNA
Icosahedral

Norwalk (Norovirus)
Hepatitis E
Noro-like Virus
Norwalk Virus
Caliciviridae

Human GI tract, fecal oral transmission

Acute Gastroenteritis Watery
Nausea Vomit Diarrea

DX: RIA ELISA
TX: Self Limiting
Picornaviridae
Naked Pos ssRNA
Icosahedral
Summer Fall Peaks
Resistant to Alcohol

Enteroviruses
Acid Stable = GI survival Infect
No Diarrhea, Fecal/Oral, >9
Polio, Coxsakie A/B, Echovirus

Rhinoviruses
33C Growth, Summer Fall Peak

Heparnavirus
Hep A
Polio
Picornaviridae enterovirus
Fecal/Oral
Asympt to FUO, Meningitis, Paralysis

Replicates in Tonsiles/PeyerPatches--> Virema--> Cross BBB--> Anterior horn Motor Neurons--> Meningitis

DX: Serology
TX:
VX: Sabin live, Salk Killed
Coxsackie A
Picornaviridae enterovirus
Hand Foot Mouth Disease
Fecal/Oral
Rash on Plam/sole, Herpangina, Meningitis, Pharyngitis (lymph), Common Cold

DX: Isolation from Throat , CSF, Stool
TX: None
Coxsackie B
Picornaviridae enterovirus
Devils Grip Bornholm Disease
Myocarditis, Hepatitis, Meningitis, Common Cold

DX: Isolation from Throat , CSF, Stool
TX: None
Echovirus
Picornaviridae enterovirus
Fecal/Oral
Fever, Rash unknow origin, Meningitis, UTI Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

DX: Isolation from Throat , CSF, Stool
TX: None
Rhinovirus
Picornaviridae Rhinovirus
100+ Serotypes
Opt Growth at 33 --> Upperairways/Nose
Attaches via ICAM-1

MCC Common Cold (#2=corona)
Heparnavirus
Picornaviridae Heparnavirus (HAV)
Hepatitis A
Fecal/oral Hepatocytes Nonchronic

DX: IgM
TX:Ig prophylxis
VX:Killed
Flaviviridae
Enveloped Pos ssRNA
Icosahedral
Arthropod Borne (except HepC)

St. Louis Encephalitis
West Nile Encephalitis
Dangue
Yellow Fever
Hepatitis C
St. Lous Encepalitis (SLE)
Mosquito=Vector reservoir= birds
SE USA, Canada, S. America, Caribbean

#2 MCC of Viral encephalitis (HSV= #1MCC) HSV1= Adults, HSV2= Children

DX: Serology, latex agglut
TX: Prevention
West Nile Virus
Mosquito=Vector reservoir= birds/Horses
Across the USA

Encephalitis, Minigitis, Fever, Headache, Muscle weakness

DX:
TX: Prevention
Dengue Fever
Mosquito=Vector reservoir= Monkeys/Humans

USA Gulf, Caribbean, Tropics, Asia
Fever, Sever Muscle Joint Back Pain, Rash Retroorbital Headaches

Asia- GI hemorrhage--> Shock

DX:
TX: Prevention
Yellow Fever
Flaviviridae
Vector= Mosuito, Reservoir= Monkeys/Humans
S. America, Tropical Africa

Sudden Onset of Jaundice/Hepatitis, High Fever, GI hemorrhage (Black Vomit), Kidney, Heart

DX: Liver biopsy= Councilman Bodies engulfment of hepatocytes
VX: Live attenuated
Togaviridae
Enveloped Pos ssRNA
Icosahedral

Alpha Viruses (arboviruses)
* Eastern Equine Encephalitis
* Western Equine Encephalitis
* Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis

Rubivirus
* Rubella
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
(EEE)
Togaviridae
Vector= Mosquito Resevoir= Birds/Horses
Atlanta Gulf of Mexico

DX: Cytopathology, RT PCR, Serology
TX:
VX: Killed
Western Equine Encephalitis
(WEE)
Togaviridae
Vector= Mosquito Resevoir= Birds/Horses
West of Mississippi

DX: Cytopathology, RT PCR, Serology
TX:
VX: Killed
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)
Togaviridae
Vector= Mosquito Resevoir= Birds/Horses

DX: Cytopathology, RT PCR, Serology
TX:
VX:
Rubivirus
Togaviridae
Rubella German Measles(Torches)
Respiratory Drops/Transplacental

2-3 Week Incubation
Malaise, Low Fever, Rash (3 Days)

Pregnant Women
Rash, Arthritis, Lymphadenopathy

New Borne
Triad 1) PDA 2) Cataracts 3)Deafness sensorineural

PDA, Pulmonary A Stenosis, Cataracts, glaucoma, Pigmented retnia, Deafness, Retardation, Purpuric Rash (Blueberry Muffin), Bone lesions, Microcephaly, Hepatosplenomegaly, Thrombocytopenia

VX: Live MMR Vaccine
Coronaviridae
Enveloped Helical
Pos ssRNA
Hemagglutinin molecules --> Peplomers--> Sun shaped

SARS Cov
SARS
Coronaviridae

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Atypical pneumonia, High Fever
Flu-like, Dyspnea, Hypoxia

DX: Xray= Patchy infiltrates Serology= Ab, RTPCR, Iso
TX: Ribavirin and IFN

Reservior= birds small animals (cats)
Retroviridae
Enveloped Pos ssRNA
*icosahedral
Replicates in Nucleus
Virion associated Reverse transcriptase

Oncovirus Group
HTLV Human Tcell Leukemia Lymphotropic Virus

Lentivirus Group
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HTLV
Retroviridae

Human Tcell Leukemia Lymphotropic Virus

Adult Tcell Leukemia
Ctype particle on neucleocapsid

Japan Caribbean Southern US
HIV
Retroviridae
(Nucleus, icosha, 2 RNA copies)

Human Immunodeficency Virus
Resevoir- Macs (CCR5)[mutation=immune] and Tcells (CXCR4)

Integrase
Protease

gp41- interacts with CD4 receptor
gp120- Genetic Drift, Fuses Envelope
p24- Core Ag Early Marker of Infection

DX: CD4 <200/ul
Initial: ELISA/Latex
Confirm: W.Blot (gp 41, p24)
Disease Progression: CD4/CD8
Viral Load: RT-PCR

TX: HAART
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Negative Stranded RNA Viruses
Pain Always Results From Our Bunions

Paramyxo
Arena
Rhabdo
Filo
Orthomyxo
Bunya
Paramyxoviridae
Neg ss RNA
Enveloped Helical
Infect Respiratory Epi Cells
Fusion (F) Surface Proteins--> MNGC
Syncytia

Measles
Mumps
Parainfluenza
RSV Respiratory Syncytial Virus
MNV Human Metapneumovirus
Measles
Paramyxoviridae
F protein, No Neuraminidase

Rubeola
Infects Res epi cells--> Replicates Lyses --> Spread to Mucosa (Koplik Spots) -->1-2 Days later Dermis Rash starts at head.

Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis Photophobia
Encephalitis Pneumonia

Years later --> Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)

Koplik Spots- Bright Red with White central dot on Buccal Mucosa

DX: Serology
VX: Live attenuated MMR 4life
Mumps
Paramyxoviridae

Lytic infect of Epi cells of Upper Respitory Tract--> Virema--> Parotid Gland

May spread to Testes Pancreas, Meningoencephalitis

Fever Headache, Parotid Swelling
3rd MCC of Aseptic Meningitis (Coxsackie, Echo)

DX:Clinical Serology
TX:Live Attenuated Vac 4life
Parainfluenza
Paramyxoviridae

Peaks in Winter
HA/NA attachment

Infants- Croup (Barking Cough) Pneumonia (3rd MCC)
Adults- Subglottal Swelling (Steeple Sign)

DX: RT PCR
TX: Support
RSV
Paramyxoviridae

Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Adults- Colds
Infants- Wheezing Bronchiolitis with necrosis, Pneumonia, Fever, Tachypnea, -cardia

Protein G Attachment. No HA/NA

DX:
TX: Ribavirin
Human MNV
Paramyxoviridae

Human Meta pneumoVirus
Cold, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia

2nd MCC of Pneumonia in Children
Rhabdoviridae
Neg ss RNA
Bullet Shaped
Enveloped Helical

Rabies
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
Rabies Virus
Rhabdoviridae

Reservoir- Bats, Raccoons, Foxes, Skunks, Dogs
Transmission- Bites

Viral Replication in Striated Muscle--> Virons bind NCAM and enter motor Neurons--> Retrograde to CNS

Replication in Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Incllusion Bodies = Negri Bodies within Neuron then...
Spred to Brain or Travel down peripheral Nerves into GI/Saliva

Incubation 2-16 weeks
Fever Anorexia, Allodynia at Bite --> Rapid progressive Encephalitis

Mental: Photophobia Hallucination, Psychosis
Neuro: Painful Throat Spasm--> Hypersalvation, Lack of Coord, Seizures

DX: Negri Bodies Brain Biopsy
TX: 5 Doses of Vacc,
Filoviridae
Neg ssRNA
Enveloped
Filamentous

Ebola
Marburg
Ebola
Filoviridae

Direct Contact
Acute Hemorrhagic Fever
Marburg
Filoviridae

Direct Contact
Acute Hemorrhagic Fever
Orthomyxoviridae
Neg ssRNA
Enveloped Helical
*8 Segments
Nuclear Replication

Influenza A B C
Influenza Virus
Orthomyxoviridae

Influenza A (Bird Pig Human)
Influenza B (Human)

Bronchiolitis, Croup, Otitis Media, Vomit
Predispose Staph Aureus Pneomonia

Enveloped Glycoproteins
(HA) Hemagglutinin- Viral attach, Binds Sialic Acid on RBCs (lysis) and Epi Cells (endo)
(NA) Neuraminidase- Cleaves Sialic Acid, Viral Release

Antigenic Drift and Shift to HA and NA glycoproteins

Shift with Influenza A only

TX: NA Inhibitors, M2 Channel Blockers
VX: Killed Attenuated
Bunyaviridae
Neg ssRNA
Enveloped Helical
*3 segments

Hentavirus
Cali encephalitis
LaCrossse Encephalitis (Children)
Hentavirus
Bunyaviridae

Hentavirus (Robo Virus)

Flu-like, Pulmonary Edema -->
Azotemia and Hypovolemic Shock Hypotension

Early Summer
Reservoir: Deer Mice--> Urine/Feces--> contact, Aerosol

DX: RT-PCR
TX: 50% Death
Arenaviridae
Neg ss RNA
Enveloped Helical
*2 segments one Ambisense

LCMV Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Lassa Fever Virus
LCMV Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Arenaviridae

Mice Hamsters

Flu Meningitis

DX: Seology
TX: Ribavirin
Lassa Fever
Arenaviridae

Rodents, Human-Human (Africa)

Hemorrhagic Fever

DX: Seology
TX: Ribavirin
Reoviridae
Ds RNA Linear
Naked Icosahedral
10-12 Segments
Double Shelled Capsid

Reovirus
Rotavirus
CTFV Colorado Tick Fever Virus
Reovirus
Reoviridae

Respiratory (Common Cold)
Enteric (Gastroenteritis)
Orphan (Only DS RNA)

DX: Serology
TX: Self limit
Rotavirus
Reoviridae

Right Out The Anus
Non Inflammatory Diarrhea

Day Care
NSP4 enterotoxin

DX: ELISA stool
TX: Self limit
VX: Live oral vacc
CTFV
Reoviridae

Colorado Tick Fever Virus

Virus infects Erythroid precursors
Flu-like, Fever, Conjunctivitis, Sometimes rash

DX: Serology