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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 common childhood viruses?
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1. Measles Virus (Rubeola)
2. Mumps Virus 3. Rubella Virus (German Measles) 4. Nonpolio Enteroviruses 5. Parvovirus B19 6. Human herpesvirus-6 |
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What are the 4 classic childhood rashes caused by viruses?
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1. Measles
2. Rubella (german measles) 3. HHV-6 (roseola) 4. Parvovirus B19 |
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What are the common cellular properties of MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
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1. ssRNA genome
2. Enveloped 3. Only 1 antigenic type 4. Humans only natural host 5. Transmission via respiratory droplets |
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What type of virus are Measles and Mumps?
What other viruses are in this family? |
Paramyxovirus
1. Respiratory Syncitial Virus 2. Parainfluenza 3. Human metapneumovirus |
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What is the common pathology to MMR?
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- Infects nasopharynx and lymph nodes
- Viremia follows with infection of leukocytes - During viremia, spread to other tissues - Lifelong Immunity |
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What, despite vaccine, remains one of leading causes of death among young children?
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Measles
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What are major components of Measles symptoms?
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- Incubation period of 8-10 days
- Prodrome: lasts 3-5 days. -3 C's: cough/coryza (headcold) /conjunctivitis - Stepwise Fever to 39.5 - Koplik's spots (exanthem) Rash (Exanthem): lasts 6-7 days -Begins 12-24 hours after Koplik's spots - Erythematous (Red), discrete, and maculopapular (discolored spots) - Progresses to confluence (merging/blending together) |
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What are the characteristics of the measles rash?
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-"Angry" rash
- Lasts 6-7 days - Centrifugal spread from head to feet - Red, Discrete, Discolored Spots |
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What do Koplik's spots look like?
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Pin-point gray-white spots on red base
- Appear on mucous membranes of cheek opposite molar teeth - Resemble grains of sand on inflamed surface |
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When is measles most infectious?
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Highly contagious; can be transmitted 1-2ds before rash to 4d after rash
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What is one of the most serious complications of Measles?
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Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)
- 6-9 years post infection - Rare, but serious degenerative CNS disease - Due to persistent replication of defective measles virus in brain - Always fatal |
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What are the 2 unusual presentations of measles?
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1. Modified Measles - due to pre-existing Ig's from mother. Mild form of measles.
2. Atypical Measles - In those with formalin-killed measles vaccine from 1960's. Killed vaccine sensitizes to virus antigens without providing protection. Abrupt onset of fever and symptoms. |
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What are the symptoms of the mumps virus?
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- 30% subclinical
- nonspecific prodrome (fever, headache, etc) - Parotitis (usually bilateral, 7-10 days) |
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What are 2 main complications of mumps?
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1. Orchitis in males (testicular inflammation)
2. Oophoritis/mastitis (inflammation of ovaries/breasts) in females |
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What is the treatment for Measles?
Vaccine? |
- No specific Tx
- Live Attenuated MMR Vaccine (2 doses) - Passive immune serum globulin to prevent or modify measles following exposure of susceptible hosts |
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What is the Tx for Mumps?
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- No specific Therapy
- MMR Vaccine |
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What are the symptoms of Rubella?
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- 25-50% asymptomatic
- Flu like symptoms - Rash (discrete maculopapular erythematous). Resembles mild measles rash. |
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What are the characteristics of Rubella Rash?
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- Occurs 7-14 days after exposure
- Lasts 3-5 days - discrete, maculopapular, and erythematous - Begins on face, progresses downwards - Does NOT coalesce, worse after shower |
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What is the most serious complication of Rubella?
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Congenital Rubella Syndrome
- Infection of fetus in-utero. Worse if in FIRST TRIMESTER (100% infection) - Usually first 12 wks of pregnancy - Cause Congenital Malformations, Still Birth |
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What are the cellular characterics of Human Enteroviruses?
- How many serotypes? |
- picornavirus (like Rhinovirus and Hep A)
- non-enveloped - +ssRNA - 102 serotypes in 4 groups |
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What are the most common symptoms of Enterovirus?
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- 50-80% asymptomatic
- Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (vesicular lesions on hands, feet, mouth) - Acute Non-febrile illness in infants - Aseptic Meningitis, causes 85-95% of cases |
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What are the cellular characteristics of Parvovirus B19?
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- Parvovirus
- non-enveloped - ssDNA (very RARE) One of smallest DNA viruses |
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What is the pathology of Parvovirus B19?
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Replicates in erythrocyte precursors in bone marrow
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What causes Fifth Disease?
Symptoms? |
Parvovirus
- See "slapped cheek" rash on face, limbs, trunk. Lace like, puritic. - Rash may itch |
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What can Parvovirus cause in adult women?
Sickle Cell and Hemaglobinopathy pt's? |
Arthralgia and Arthritis (both = joint pain) in women
Aplastic crisis (severe anemia) in sickle cell and hemaglobinopathy patients |
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What are the cellular characterisitcs of Human HerpesVirus-6 (HHV-6)?
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- beta-herpesvirus
- enveloped - LYMPHOTROPIC - dsDNA - A and B variants |
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What is the pathology of HHV-6?
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Infects lymphocytes. primary infection and reactivation
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What symptoms does HHV-6 cause?
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Exanthem subitum - erythematous maculopapular rash lasting for hours to days
- spreads from face/trunk to extremities Also can cause febrile seizures |
