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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Capsid
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Protein coat that surrounds the DNA or RNA in a virus
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Nucleic Acid
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RNA or DNA
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Lipid Membrane
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a membrane around the capsid in many kinds of viruses; helps the virus enter cells
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3 examples of viruses with RNA
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HIV, Influenza virus, rabies
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3 examples of viruses with DNA
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warts, chickenpox, mononucleosis
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Helical
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Rodlike with capsid proteins winding around the core in a spiral
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Polyhedral
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Has many sides. Most polyhedral capsids have 20 sides and 12 corners.
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Polyhedral capsid can attach to what?
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A helical tail
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Lytic Cycle
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the virus enters the cell, replicates itself hundreds of times, and then bursts out of the cell, destroying the cell
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Lysogenic Cell
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the virus DNA integrates with the host DNA and the host's cell helps create more virus DNA. An environmental change may cause the virus to enter the Lytic Cycle
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How do viruses enter bacterial cells?
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By punching a hole in the cell's wall and injecting the DNA.
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Are viruses living?
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No
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How do viruses enter plant cells?
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Tiny rips in the cell wall
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What can happen to a virus when it copies the genetic material?
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Can mutate
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Endocytosis
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Virus enters the cell
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reverse transcriptase
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is how a virus replicates RNA to DNA
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Exocytosis
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Virus exits the cell
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How does a virus make new viruses in a cell
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Uses the host cell's enzymes
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Why does a virus go through exocytosis?
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To infect other cells
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Some ways HIV is spread?
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sexual contact, sharing contaminated needles, breast feeding, blood transfussions, mother to baby during pregnancy or birth
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Capsid
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protein coat around virus
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Lytic Cycle
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breaking open the host cell
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Lysogenic Cycle
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viral DNA replication occurs (without destroying host cell)
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prophage
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Inserted DNA in the host cell
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emerging viruses
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viruses that have recently come to attention of medical scientists
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reverse transcriptase
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catalyzes reverse transcription
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retroviruses
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where RNA turns to DNA
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AIDS
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acquired immune deficiency syndrome
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HIV
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human immunodefiency virus
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transformation
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the uptake of foreign DNA from the surrounding environment
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transduction
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the transfer of bacterial genes by a phage
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conjugation
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Union of cells and the DNA transfer between them
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plasmid
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small, circular DNA molecule seperate from the bacterial chromosome
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R plasmids
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Plasmids of one class, carry genes for killing antibiotics.
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