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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)
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alcephaline herpes virus 1&2
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infects cattle, bali cattle, buffalo, bison, and deer --- peracute or chronic. Fever, swollen LN, hemorrhagic enteritis, catarrhal inflammation
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Alcephaline herpes virus 1&2
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main lesions: inflammation of respiratory, ailmentary and urinary mucosa, mucosal hemmorrhages w/ ulcerations
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Alcephaline herpes virus 1&2
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Dx: CS, gross and histological lesions, VI, PCR
DDx: rinderpest, bovine viral diarrhea, IBR |
Alcephaline herpes virus 1&2
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closely related to gamma herpes virus
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Alcephalin herpes virus 1&2
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hemorrhagic dz in pups
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canine herpes virus 1
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feline viral rhinotracheitis
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feline herpes 1
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3-8 dy incubation. painfully crying, anorexia, dyspnea,abdominal pain
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canine herpes virus 1
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sexually mature dogs:genital dz- vaginal/ preputial discharge,focal/nodular lesion of vag, penile & preputial epithelium can be observed.+/- resp disease
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canine herpes virus 1
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fatal pups < 4weeks old. large eccymotic hemorrhages seen in the kidneys, adrenals, and GIT
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Canine herpes virus 1
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microscopically what do u see in canine herpes 1
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necrotic foci, INIB (esp. in liver cells)
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24-48 incubation period. sneeze/cough/n. discharge, salivation fever, dyspnea, anorexic w/ wt. loss
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feline herpes virus 1
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may have ulcers on the tongue, extensive rhinotracheitis, and bronchopneumonia is fatal in kittens up to 4 weeks old. mild or subclinical infection in cats > 6 mo. old. pregnant cats may abort
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feline herpes virus 1
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microscopically what do u see in feline herpes virus 1
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if death 7-9d post infection INIB will be seen on histopathology
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innactivated virus, attenuated virus, and gene deleted virus vaccines are used
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feline herpes virus 1
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abortion enchephalitis (pseudorabies- Aujeskys disease), (pseudorabies virus (PRV) is caused by what virus
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Porcine herpes virus 1
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what virus can remain latent in pig's nerve cells
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Porcine Herpes virus 1
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aerosol/ nose to nose contact transmits this- is carried in tonsils and excreted intremittently. Some animals carry long time and shed during stress
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Porcine Herpes virus 1
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Primary host is swine in Porcine Herpes virus but other species that get it are ?
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cattle, horses, sheep, cats, goats, & dogs
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abortion, acute/severe nervous Dz in newborns, affected young cease to suckle, tremble, incordinated, have convulsions, walk in circles, V/D
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Porcine herpes virus 1
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w/in 1-2 days of onset of nervous signs --> 100% mortality is seen in
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Porcine herpes virus
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fever, pneumonia, resp, nervous, death. severity of signs depend on strain and immune status of ____.
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Pigs (with porcine herpes virus 1)
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DDX of porcine herpes virus 1 is
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PRRSV, PRV (abortion w.o nervous signs)
swine influenza, lepto, and brucellosis |
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Dx of procine herpes 1 virus is
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gross lesions (necrosis of tonsils, lung congestion/consolidation, and congestion of meningitis) histopath, immunofluorescence, VI (nasal swab, brain, tonsils) ELISA, PCR, RFLP, also may see prevascular cuffing in B.V> of brain
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quarantine, testing, destroying infected animals, cleaning and disenfecting is the control for what foriegn animal disease
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Porcine herpes 1 virus
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vaccinate in enzootic areas, attenuated gene deleted vax, marker vax, vax protect from clinical Dz, doesnt prevent latent infection & Tz between vax and non vax animals in...
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porcine herpes virus 1
eradicated in US |
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recombinant poxvax containing PRV genes for protective immunity is used in ...
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Porcine herpes virus
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respiratory epithelium is the primary target of this resp, neuro, and abortive dz that invades other organ systems
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equine herpes virus 1
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transmited by direct, aerosol, secretions, fomites, overcrowding, poor nutrition, extreme climates, and dense population
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equine herpes virus 1
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live attenuated & inactivated vaccines are available. for this Dz that is housed in the trigeminal ganglia and activated by stress
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equine herpes virus 1
commonly used are combined inactivated EHV1 & EHV4 vaccines |
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destruction and exfoliation of nasopharyngeal resp. epithelium --> causing discharge and fever --> replication in UR epi-- virus is carried by dendritic cells and macrophages to LN --> spread to visceral organs
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EHV1
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infection of vascular endothelial cells --> vasculitis of CNS- Neuro Dz. Gravid uterus and abortion in equine
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EHV1
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resp, fever, rhinitis, pharyngitis, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis , morbidity may be 100% and may see pulmonary vasculotropic infections and myeloencephalopathy
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EHV1
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DX: INIB, VI (pharyngeal secretions of blood leukocytes), RFLP, PCR, immunoflourescence w/ monoclonal abs, paired serum sampling, detection of immune response
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EHV1
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Rhinopneumonitis - upper resp tract Dz
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EHV4
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less virulent upper resp dz. fever, rhinitis, pharyngitis, nasal discharge
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EHV4
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coital exanthema
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EHV3
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direct and sexual contact. contaminated supples, single glove etc. latency occurs -- seen in horses
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EHV3
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cease natural mating if this disease
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EHV3
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pustules and ulceration of the vagina, penis, prepuce, perineum, and lips, teats of horses
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EHV3
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males dec. libido, no effect on fertility, carriers have pigment loss spots on black skin in genital area
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EHV3
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Dx EHV3
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pigment loss on genital area, EM of cells from the margins of ulcers, serology- compliment fixation & neutralization. PCR specific primers is the most sensitive
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Infectious laryngotracheities
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Avian herpes 1
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asymptomatic carriers are sources of infection and mechanically (fomites of this respitory disease that kills birds
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Avian herpes 1
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expectoration of bloody mucus
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Avian herpes 1
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relatively slow spread, cough, sneeze, Gasping, rales, conjunctivitis, dyspnea, dec. egg
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Avian herpes virus 1
infect. laryngo. |
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hemorrhages in larynx/ trachea, blood clots and mucus plugs of casseous yellow exudate in tracheal lumen, pneumonitis, air sacculitis, conjunctivitis and nasal secretions
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Avian herpes virus 1
infect. laryngo. |
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Dx: CS, lesions, VI in chicken embryos, histopathology of tracheal epithelium in early disease
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Avian herpes virus 1
infect. laryngo. |
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Are there vax for ILT or Avian herpes virus 1
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live attenuated and recombinant
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Mareks disease is seen as
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Neurologic dz, neoplastic tumors, and mortality in chicks
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2 forms of mareks
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nervous ( one leg paralysis, PM enlargment of nerves- lack striation)
and visceral (lymphoid proliferation, tumors, distorted pupil shape, enlarged feather follicles ) |
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Dx: CS, enlarged nerves, lymphoid tumors on PM exam, lack of striations in organs, histochemistry and PCR
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Marek's disease
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Mareks is Tz
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highly contagious, infective form in epi. of feather follicle- released in envrio. ie litter, dust, dnader
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mareks infects
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chicken, quail and turkeys
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ILT infects
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chickens, turkeys/ pheasants
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Mareks vaccination ?
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yes, at hatching SQ or in embryo, HVT (turkey herpes) andSB1 (non oncogenic MD virus) combination, attenuated virulent MD virus strains as vaccines
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Duck plague virus causes
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Duck viral enteritis
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DVE effects animals, how, and by what Tz
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ducks, geese and swans
tranz directly, water/feed. fecal oral, discharge, recovered birds are a source of infection --- effects the vascular system |
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ruffled feathers, droopy head/wings, THIRSTY, inability fly, sensitive to light, bloody vent/bill, prolapsed penis, sudden death
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DVE
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hemorrhage in esophagus, intestinal walls, cloaca and heart along with blood in GIT of dead birds
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DVE
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Dx: CS, hemorrhagic lesions, VI in duc embryos or cell cultures
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DVE
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DVE vaccine ??
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attenuated for domestic ducks/cxn. embryo adapted live vax if approved by authorities
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Parrot herpes (psitticine)
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Pacheco's
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D/ regurgitation, tremors, siezure,death.
PM lesions- enlarged splees, kidney, liver - circumscribed areas of necrosis w/ liver hemorrhage |
Pachecos (parrot herpes )
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Dx: history, DNA RCR, VI, immunoflourescence
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Pachecos
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Tx Pachecos
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isolation of suspected areas, good husbandrym killed vaccine ( only for high risk animals)
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single molecule of non enveloped circular ss DNA, spherical and icosahedral. Ambisence or + sense DNA. stable in environment. replicate in nucleus
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Circoviridae
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post weanind multisystemic wasting syndrom (PMWS) aka as porcine dermatittis & neuropathy syndrome (PDNS) repro/ resp/ skin and kidney
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PCV2
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PCV2 transmission
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sow- colonization in nose- passive AB interfere with systemic infection till 9 weeks- viral multiplication- viremia- LN- other organs - shed in feces
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non pathogenic, CS in nursery pigs (loss BCS, LN enlargement, and dyspnea)
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PCV1
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vaccinate sows before farrowing and early young <9 weeks. different vaccines available to prevent .. .
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PCV
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Chicken Anemia virus Dz transmission
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horizontal- direct/ fomites
vertically when hen is viremic |
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Chicken Anemia virus is seen as
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acute immunosuppression, depression, anemia, lethargy, atrophy, ir hypoplasia of lymphoid organs and anemia (dec. PCV- watery blood) SQ/IM hemorrhages with high mortality, can be pale (anemia, BM aplaasia, atrophy of Lymphoid organs thymus, bursa F etc)
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Sero + breeder hens have maternal AB that protect chicks from DZ but not from infection.
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Chicken Anemia Virus
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chickens affected 1 dy old, 10-50% die, depletion of lymphoid cells
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Chicken Anemia Virus
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History, CS, gross and micro changes, VI (MDCC-MSBI) cell lines, chick embryos, or day old chick, immunoflourescence, Virus neutralization, EM, PCR
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Chicken Anemia Virus
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PBFD
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inhalation and ingestion infect young psitticines
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feather loss, abnormal feathers, beak abnormalities, progressive, some death
acute = depression, D, dec. appetite, loss weight abnormal feathers Chronic= abn. feather, loss feather dust, deformities, necrotic oral and beak lesions, death |
PBFD
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DX for PBFD
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gross appearance, feather follicle biopsy (INIB), EM, immunoflourescence, in situ hybridization, PCR
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single molecule of enveloped ds DNA, replicates in cytoplasm, and causes african swine fever
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Asfivirus
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Asfivirus is Tz by
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direct, mechanical (humans, equipment), needles, ticks (ornithodoeres), undercooked swill
recovered animals are carriers |
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carriers are a problem, no vaccine, erradication programs for sero + animals, Foreign animal DZ
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african swine fever
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vascular changes, hemorrhage in organs, blood congestion abdominal cavity, cyanosis, enlarged LN, splenomegaly, renal cortex petechia, edema in lungs and serosal surfaces-- spleen loss of red white pulp
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African swine fever
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4 forms
PERACUTE (virulent strain, sudden death) ACUTE (vascular changes, cyanosis, V/D, cough, abortions) SUBACUTE (30-70% die, mild illness) CHRONIC(red. growth, skin ulcers, sec. infec. 30% die) |
African swine fever
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DDX for African Swine fever -- classical swine fever (hog cholera)
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Dx via lab tests, VI (blood, spleen , LN)
HEMADSORPTION demonstrated, CPE seen few days after inoculation, immunoflourescence, AG intissues or cryostat sections, DNA in PCR, Elisa, immunoblotting, IFA |
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non enveloped, hexagonal w/ icosahedral symmetry, single linear molecule of ds DNA, replicates in nucleus and produces INIB
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Adenoviruses
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Pathogenesis of Adenovirus
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enter through nasopharyngeal oral conjunctiva --> infects tonsilar crypts and peyers patches--> viremia and infection of endothelial/ parenchymal cells in many tissues --> hemorrhage and necrosis (esp. spleen, liver, lungs and kidneys)
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Adenovirus
most vertebrates are infected 2 genre: 1. mastadenovirus : mammals 2. aviadenovirus: birds DX: on ?? |
agglutination of RBCs, some viruses are oncogenic in rodents
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bovine adenovirus BAV10
2 subgroups |
1. bovine adenovirus subgroup 1 (BAV1- BAV3, BAv10) --> genus mastadenovirus
2. BAV subgroup 2 (BAV4-8) --> genus adenovirus |
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cattle- virus isolated from calves suffering w/ keratoconjunctivitis, acute febrile Dz, or pneumoenteritis
BAV10- and subgroup2 --> is associated w/ acute & fatal episodes in cattle |
BAV
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Canine Adenovirus 1 causes
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Infectious canine hepatitis
acute liver disease by CAV1 infects dogs, foxes, wolves, coyotes, skunks and bears |
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CAV 1 is propogated by ??
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initial virus replication occurs in the tonsils. Viremia leads to infection of liver and kidneys. -- feces, saliva and urine shedding. Up to 6 mo.
tz; feces, urine, saliva, and nasal discharge |
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acute liver dz, resp or ocular dz, encepalopathy, chronic hepatitis and interstitial nephritis
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CAV1
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resp--> systemic dz. 3 syndroms
PERACUTE - death 3-4 hrs ACUTE- fatal, fever, depression, loss appetite, V/ bloody D. petechial hemorrhages of gums MILD- partial vax immunity |
CAV1
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fever, anorexia, thirst, conjunctivitis, serous discharge, petechia of gums, tachycardia, leukopenia, prolonged clotting, DIC, +/- hemorrhades around decidous teeth, spontaneous hematomas, my colvuse
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CAV1
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25% develop bilateral corneal opacity (blue eye/corneal edema) due to vaccines or virus bc of AG AB complex deposited in small B.V> of the ciliary body interferring with normal fluid exchange
glomerulonephritis also caused by this |
CAV1
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CAV1 Dx by
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VI (madin-darby k9 kidney cell lines), histopath, ELISA, hemagglutination test, Virus neutralization test, PCR, immunoperoxidase - DAB staining for INIB
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PxCT of CAV1
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maternal ABS intefere w/ active immunization until puppies are 9-12 weeks. Inactivated and attenuated vaccines - corneal opacity resolves quickly
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dog - resp dz, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and cronchopneumonia. vaccinated and did not get corneal opacity
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CAV2
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Equine adenovirus
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horses- asymptomatic, mild upper resp disease, fever, nasal discharge, severs cough, 2ndry infection
Arabian foals w. combined immunodeficiency dz |
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VI, CPE & immunochemistry, hemagglutination/ hemagglutination inhibition tests, viral nucleic acid detection by PCR for ....
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Equine adenovirus
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Ovine adenovirus is isolated from ...
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isolated from feces normal sheep / lambs with resp. problems
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six types Id'd -->
rat RBC's agglutinated by all 6 bovine RBCs are agglutinated by serotype 4 mild or inapparent infection of respiratory or enteric tract |
Ovine adenovirus
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Egg drop syndrome
Fowl adenovirus propogation ?? |
replicates in nasal mucosa--> viremia--> replication in lymphoid tissue and oviduct, esp. in the pouch of shell gland
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virus transmission is often latent until chicks are sexually mature- excreted in eggs (virus reactivates in oviduct) & droppings (oviduct exudate contaminates existing feces) infection at any stage of laying. horizontal transmission via egg collection and common contamination in egg packing stations
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Egg drop syndrome
Fowl adenovirus |
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duck/ geese (quals/chickens)
enteritis, splenitis, pancreatitis, pulmonary congestion, and edema. diarrhea and transient dullness may been seen. dec in egg drop production (10-40%) |
egg drop syndrome
fowl adenovirus |
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seen in commercial egg layers, any stage of lay, healthy looking infected birds lay soft shelled and less shelled eggs- eggs 18 d after have infection
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egg drop syndrome
fowl adenovirus |
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virus reactivates at puberty. infected shell gland is imflammed and epithelial cells show degeneration and INIB, - cells replaced by squamous, cuboidal and undifferentiated cells
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egg drop syndrome
fowl adenovirus |
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egg drop syndrome
fowl adenovirus Vaccines ?????? |
inactivated vaccines w/ oil given 14-18 weeks - often w/ NCD vax
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DX of egg drop syndrome is
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VI (duck eggs), cell cultures of duck/chicken embryo, liver origins, ELISA, Histopath, EM, immunodiffusion test
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bobwhite quial, turkeys /chickens (minus CNS signs) get this via direct, airborne or mechanical Tz
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Quail bronchitis
Fowl adenovirus |
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acute contagious respiratory disease of quails
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Quail Bronchitis
Fowl adenovirus |
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resp, cough, sneeze, rales, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, tracheitis, air sacculitis, hepatitis, mortality maybe 50%. pinpoint necrotic foci liver and spleen in birds (turkey, chicken, quail)
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Quail Bronchitis
Fowl adenovirus |
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Quail bronchitis Dx
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VI ( trachea, feces, intestine, liver)
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Tx Quail bronchitis
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self limiting, vaccines effective
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human, droplet, aerosol or inj infection resulting in resp, GI, and eye membrane infection --> cold like symptoms
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Adenovirus in humans
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productive infection (adenovirus) -->
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complete replication of infectious virus
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Abortive infection (adenovirus) -->
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synthesis of viral gene products without production of infectious virus
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Semipermissive infection (adenovirus) -->
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complete replication with low yield of virus
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Malignant transformation (adenovirus) -->
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integration of viral DNA
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Tumor induction (adenovirus) -->
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integration of viral DNA
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Latency (adenovirus) -->
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viral genome persistance
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has been used as a vector for the expression of forreign genes --> the early region E2 of the viral genome is not essential for viral replication in cell culture
foreign gene of interested can be inserted at this site |
Adenovirus
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deletion of E1 region of the adenoviral genome interferes w/ viral replication in human tissues ...
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providing another site where a foreign gene of interest can be inserted
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Prions
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unconventional infectious agents that cause a group of diseases in the brain and nervous system.
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies |
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Prion morphology
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prions are proteins
normal proteins; PRPc Abnormal: PRP res (resistant form bc of misfolding leading to accumulation in nerve cells |
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Prevention or Control of Prions
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resistant to decontamination and steam sterilization, not inactivated by proteases, organic solvents, alkaline cleaners, ethanol, formaldehyde, UV light, or extremely high temps
autoclave doesnt inactivate prrions these normally destroy nucleic acids- prusiner |
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Scrapie
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naturally occuring neurodegenerative Dz of sheep and goats
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Transmissible agent causing naturally neurodegenerative disease in sheep and goats and is considered reportable (other classes) Tx is ???
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use selective breeding to have less susceptible sheep. Genotyping is used to detect
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1 year or more incubation period
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Scrapie
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normal PrP --> abnormal misfolding of normal cellular prion proteins PrP-Sc codons causing susceptibility: 171 (mjr determinant of susceptibility- genotypes Q, R, H and K --> reported as Q, 154 affects some types V&A, 136 (minor role in susceptibility)
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Scrapie
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deposition of abnormal PrP- Sc (sialoglycoprotein) in neural tissue causing behavioral abnormalities, neuro sigsn, puritis, incoordination, loss of body condition and death
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Scrapie
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Scrapie is seen microscopically as
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vacular or spongy changes, bilateral or symmetrical in the CNS
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Dx for scrapie
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demonstration of prion in CNS or PNS, can be demonstrated in tissues of infected sheep before onset of CS. in live animals test for monoclonal AB based immunochemistry using nictitating membrane lymphoid tissue. Capillary electrophoresis test uses monoclonal AS as well but w/ peripheral blood sample
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chronic wasting disease (CWD) is seen in
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deer and elk
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feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) is seen in ...
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cats
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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is seen in
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cattle
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transmissible mink encephalopathy
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mink
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enveloped linear ds DNA, icosahedral, replicates in nucleus
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Herpes virus
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red nose disease, IBR, Infect. pustular vaginitis and infectious balanopsthitis are all caused by
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bovine herpes 1
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in aborted fetuses, gross lesions are not observed - while necrotic foci are observed in most of the tissues
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Bovine herpes 1 virus
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dairy cows. infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and IBR. fever, depression, anorexia, painful micturition, swollen labia, vulvar discharge, vestibular mucosa covered w/ ulcerated pustules which coalesce forming fibrinous pseudomembrane which covers ulcerated mucosa
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genital disease
bovine herpes 1 |
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Dx VI, CPE, SYNCYTIA, INIB, EM, immunoflouresce, PCR
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Bovine herpes 1
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vaccines for bovine herpes 1
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attenuated herpes, gene deleted vaccine, virulent vectoed vaccine, DNA vaccine (experimental)
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bovine mammilitis
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Bovine herpesvirus 2
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droplet infection - fever, depresion, inappetance, profuse nasal discharge, hyperimic, focal pustular lesions, hemorrhagic cream colored diptheric membranes, dyspnea, CONJUNCTIVITIS 9 unilateral/bilateral w/ marked lacrimation)
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Resp. conjunctivitis - Bovine herpes 1 - IBR
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refusal to service cows, virus shed in semen - genital dz AI or live cover
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Bovine herpes 1 - infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
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DX for Bovine herpes 2
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DDX from lumpy skin dzm warts , cowpox, pseudocowpox, FMD, vesicular stomatitis w/ EM and VI to differentiate
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why vaccination is sucessfull
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- vax relatively harmless
- mortality low in vax ppl - low or now transmitability |
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ss viruses
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parvo and circovirus
parvo linear circo is circular |
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ds DNA
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papova - circular
rest are linear |
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all DNA are suppose to replicate in Nucleus
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Pox and asfarivade replicate in cytoplasm
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shape of poxviridae
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brick
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shape of parapox
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ovoid
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icosahedral
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not circo - sperical and icosahedral
adenoviruses- hexagonal as well as icosahedral pox/parapox not |
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envelope
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pox, herpes, and asfaridae
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non enveloped
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parva, adeno, circo, papo
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Dermovaccinia seen in / causes
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cattle, buffalo, sheep
see nodules on intradermal inj |
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calf lesion on mouth could be
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vaccina
bovine papular stomatitis - doesnt cause anything in adult cow (parapox) |
