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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the basic structure of human viruses
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1. icosahedral
2. helical 3. complex 4. obligate intracellular parasites 5. chemical makeup-DNA OR RNA (ss or ds) 6. capsid (made of capsomeres); gycloprotiens, phsophorprotens 7. nucleoocapisid : capsid +nucleic acid core 8. lipid envelopes (or are naked) |
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obligate intracellular parasite
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doesn't divide; no ability to make more of them o/side cell; genetic bombs
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icosahedral
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can be naked & envelope viruses; 12 points/20 sides/very stable
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Helical
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MOST nucleic acid/prtoein subnuis assoicated w/nuclic acids/asmelbe in anature into helicals
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Complex
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only POX virus has this shape/has a central dense area called a nuclosome with lateral bodies that contrain ribsomes and trna's
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Are human virus naked?
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No, have envelope
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2. the nature of viral replication
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Relates to pathogenieis:
1. adsorption--->attachment 2. penetration...>endocytosis or fusion 3. uncoating...>release n.acid..either goes into mRNA or DNA (n.acid to ncls) 4. biosynthesis..viral gene expression: bomb explodes 5. maturation and release..simple cell autolysis or evagination |
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how do naked viruses get into cells verses envelope viruses?
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1. naked-engulfment; invagination all cells capable of this
2. infusion- envelope viruses-get in-outer membrane mocks cell membrane and fuses w/this- |
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3. factors that lead to viral pathogenesis?
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1. cell destruction-by inhibition of host DNA, RNA and or/protein synthesis (immune evasion)
2. transformation-cancer viruses 3. Latent or peristant infection-dormant (herpes)/persistnat viruses have very slow growth rates so no immune response-adenovirus 4. immune mediated-causes the SYMPTOMS of viurs; arthirists 5. imune evasion 6. subclinical or inapparent-2nd time of virus intrdouction/naturally immune |
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There are 7 classes of virus : name ex and imp ones
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1. dsDNA-HERPES
2. ssDNA 3. dsRNA 4. ss+RNA-Hep C; where geonme is mRNA 5. ssRNA-influezna 6. ssRNA-uses reverse transciption-dsDNA-cromsomal intergration-HIV 7. dsDNA-Hep B-usues reverse transcitpion |
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5 effects of immune evasion:
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1. infection & destructio of immune cells (HIV +CD4 cells)
2. block MHC I and II, presentation of viral antigens 3. blocks production or activation of complement, cytokines, interferon 4. prevents proliferaton of activated T-cells; stimulates production of null cells 5. antigenic variation (mutation) |
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4. Epidemoiological consideration w/respect to the transmission and dissemaination of viral diseases
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Transmitted by:
1. person to person 2. blood 3. vectors--mosquitos 4. food/water |
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Dissemantiaon factors?
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1. age-newborn/ped/adult?
2. gender 3. geographic distribution (local.Us. world) 4. prevlance-local, us.world |
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Basic methods of viral identification:
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1. clinical symptoms-pt interivew and hx
2. diagnositic tests: v.isolation (rare); serologic-elisa,wb, n.acid, hybrid capture, sens &spec |
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6. the availabity of treatments or preventatives for this disease?
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1. treametnments: antivirals target inhibition of n.acid synthesis inhibition
2. prevention: vaccination, repellants, barriers |
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3 types of viral vaccines:
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1. inactivated-by heat, UV-POLIO
2. live, attentuated--MEASLES, MYMPS< RUBELLA 3. Subunit-dsrupted virus, recbominbant DNA--HEPATTITS B (flu can be any of the three types) |
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alternatives to the primary disease manifestations of viral disease:
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1. latent=herpes
2. peristant=adeno 3. mutation=flu 4. abundance of substrains=rhino 5. oncogenic-papilloma 6.evading immune system-HIV 7. subviral=prion 8.animal resovir/bioterriosm |
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Ex of how different diseases can present different clinically:
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1. koplick spots-white spots on buccal mucosa-measles
2. giant multinucleated-genital herpes 3. councilman bodies-yellow fever 4. negri bodies-rabies 5. |
