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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which hepatitis viruses are RNA and which have DNA genomes?
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(+) Single stranded RNA: HAV, HCV, HDV, HEV
Partially double stranded and circular DNA: HBV |
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Which is known as infectious hepatitis?
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HAV, HEV
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Which are known as the serum hepatitis viruses?
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HBV, HDV, HCV
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Which hepatitis viruses can cause chronic infections?
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HBV, HCV, HDV
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In what group is jaundice most likely following an HAV infection?
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Older (>14 yrs = 70-80%)
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What are the chronic complication of HAV infection?
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There are no chronic complications
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What areas have the highest HAV infection rates?
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Africa, Asia, South America
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How is acute and chronic HAV infection detected?
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IgM = Acute
IgG = Chronic |
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What population serves as the reservoir of infection for HAV?
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Children: also have the highest rate of infection
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What unique cellular machinery is utilized in the replication of HBV?
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reverse transcriptase
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What is a Dane Particle?
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42 nm particle that contains HBcAg, HBeAg, the coat, and a 22nm free particles containing HBsAg.
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What HBV genotypes predominate in the US?
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A and C
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How can HBV be grown in culture?
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Cannot
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Describe the progression of HBV disease.
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1. Chronic persistent hepatitis: asymptomatic
2. Chronic active hepatitis: symptomatic exacerbation 3. Cirrhosis 4. Hepatocellular carcinoma |
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What is the first detectable antigen with acute HBV infection?
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HBsAg
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In what age group does symptomatic infection become more common than chronic infection?
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Older children and adults
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Where are HBV infections at highest prevalence?
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Africa, asia, middle south america, and alaska.
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What body fluids have the highest concentrations of HBV?
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Blood
Serum Exudates |
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What antigen is a good marker of increased risk of infectivity?
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HBeAg
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How is HBsAg used in diagnosis of HBV?
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General marker for infection
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How is HBsAb used in diagnosis of HBV?
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Marker used to document recovery and immunity to HBV
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What antigen is a marker for active infection of HBV?
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HBeAg
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What marker is used to monitor response to therapy for HBV infections?
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HBV DNA
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How is successful treatment evaluated for HBV infection?
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disappearance of HBsAg, HBV DNA, and seroconversion to HBeAg positive
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What is the HBV vaccine?
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Recombinant vaccine
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Where is the hypervariable region of HCV genome?
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Between genes E1 and E2, which form the envelope
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Where would you find the structural genes in the HCV genome?
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At the 5` end
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How many HCV genotypes exist? Which have the worst prognoses?
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6 genotypes
1 and 4 are the worst |
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What is the genome structure of HCV?
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+ RNA
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Which are more closely related: members in different genotypes, or members in different subtypes (of the same organism)?
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Members of the same subtype share 77-80% nucleotide homology, where member of a genotype have 65-69% homology.
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What is the protective antibody for HCV?
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There is none
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Why is HCV antibody not good for acute phase diagnosis?
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Takes 4 weeks to show up
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What therapy is used for chronic active HCV?
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peg-interferon, but relapse is common when drug is discontinued
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What new combination drug is most effective against HCV?
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Interferon/RIbavirin
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What is unique about HDV?
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must have HBV for assembly and infection. Uses HBV envelope.
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What are the two types of infection caused by HDV?
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Coinfection: severe acute disease
Superinfection: severe chronic disease |
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What is the serological difference between coinfection of HDV and superinfection of HDV?
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superinfection has ALT elevation with no IgM, coinfection is opposite.
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How do you prevent HBV/HDV superinfections?
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Educate chronic HBV patients to reduce risky behaviors
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HEV poses greatest risk to what population?
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pregnant women
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How is HEV most commonly transmitted?
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via fecal-contaminated drinking water
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Where are the high risk HEV areas?
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Asia, Africa, Mexico
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