Virology Exam 1

Front 1

Baltimore Classification
Group 1

Back 1

ds DNA

Front 2

Baltimore Classification
Group 2

Back 2

ss DNA
a is (+) sense
b is (-) sense

Front 3

Baltimore Classification
Group 3

Back 3

ds RNA

Front 4

Baltimore Classification
Group 4

Back 4

ss RNA (+) sense, + sense polarity

Front 5

Baltimore Classification
Group 5

Back 5

ss RNA (-) sense

Front 6

Baltimore Classification
Group 6

Back 6

ss RNA, (+) sense, retrovirus. Reverse transcriptase makes ds DNA

Front 7

5 Steps of Virus Infection

Back 7

Attachment
Penetration (uncoating)
Synthesis
Maturation
Release

Front 8

Smallpox viruses and other viruses have this type of growth curve?

Back 8

A one step growth curve, the steep rise that levels off

Front 9

Eclipse Period

Back 9

Where the virus enters the cell and can not be seen on the plate. It is actively replicating within the cell.

Front 10

Uncoating

Back 10

Step that must be done to expose genome

Front 11

Bacteriophages

Back 11

Viruses that infect bacteria.

Front 12

Self Assembly with one example of a virus that does this.

Back 12

Self assembly is when DNA and packaging proteins are put together and self assembles into functional unit.

Bacteriophage Lamda can do this, as well as sRNPs and ribosomes

Front 13

What is the most simple architechture of a virus?

Back 13

The nucleic acid and capsid, the NUCLEOCAPSID

Front 14

The two major morphological catergories of a virus?

Back 14

Helical and Icosahedral.

Front 15

Icosahedral Virus have ___ sides and ____ vertices?

Back 15

Icosahedral Virus have 20 sides and 12 vertices.

Front 16

What are capsomers made out of?

Back 16

Protomers

Front 17

Rigid structure is characteristic of what type of viruses?

Back 17

Plant Viruses

Front 18

Why are animal viruses nucleocapsids flexible?

Back 18

Because of their envelopes.

Front 19

What are the envelopes made of?

Back 19

Phosolipids

Front 20

How can you deactivate an enveloped virus? *Tricky*

Back 20

You can apply an organic solvent like ether to degrade the envelope, but this will not deactivate the virus if the receptors are inbedded.

Front 21

If a Virus is "ether sensitive" what does this mean?

Back 21

Ether sensitive means that the virus has an envelope that will degrade if ether is applied.

Front 22

Give an example of a virus that can be deactivated with alcohol and one that can not.

Back 22

orthomixoviruses can be deactivated with alcohol.
polio viruses can not.

Front 23

What are "spikes" in relation to viruses?

Back 23

They are protein structures with receptors on the end.

Front 24

When a virus enters a cell it has two options:

Back 24

Die or Replicate

Front 25

Fomite

Back 25

Inanimate object that spreads viruses

Front 26

Vector

Back 26

Organism used to spread virus

Front 27

What are the host range for TOGA viruses, Tobacco Mosaic Virus, and T4

Back 27

TOGA virus - spread by animal and insect vectors

Tobacco Mosaic Virus - Plants, can not infect animals

T4 - Can only infect certain strains of E. coli

Front 28

3 things that help attachment to cell surface, one thing that does NOT

Back 28

Glycoproteins, Glycolipids, and Proteins allow attachment

Phospholipids DO NOT

Front 29

Why are phospholipids not a source for attachment

Back 29

They are too generic, everyone has them

Front 30

T4 attachment is mediated by what?

Back 30

It's tail fibers

Front 31

What are HIV;s primary receptors?

Back 31

CD4, the only way that it can infect

Front 32

Receptors on viruses include:

Back 32

Glycoproteins and proteins

Front 33

At what point is attachment irreversible?

Back 33

When the tail attaches and the virus undergoes a conformational change.

Front 34

What is Efficiency of Plating?

Back 34

The proportion of viruses that go into cells and cause infection.

Front 35

Give an example of a virus with good EOP and one with bad EOP

Back 35

T4 virus has good ROP, with about 1
Polio virus is bad, with .001-.02 EOP

Front 36

Why are bacteriophages easy to study?

Back 36

They span porins, bind to LPS, and their proteins change shape.

Front 37

Lambda bacteriophage

Back 37

Baltimore classification 1, ds DNA, icosahedral head, no tail fibers, J protein mediates attachment, lamB lets maltose into cell, mg++ is required

Front 38

What is Lam B?

Back 38

Lam B is a maltose transporter, associated with Lambda Bacteriophage

Front 39

Name 3 bacteriophage that infect E. coli, their Baltimore classification and their transport methods.

Back 39

T6 - nucleoside transport
T1 and T5 - ferrichrome transport

All are Baltimore classification 1, ds DNA

Front 40

What type of virus infect via the sex pilus?

Back 40

RNA viruses, helical (ss) DNA viruses.

Front 41

What protein found on the virus allows Attachment to the sex pilus?

Back 41

Protein A

Front 42

What drives nucleic acid into the cell?

Back 42

Conformational changes

Front 43

Pilot protein

Back 43

Bound on end of genome, helps to move it through the cytoplasmic membrane and go from linear to circular, resembling E. coli's genome

Front 44

The Lambda tail is _____. It binds when ______.

Back 44

The Lambda tail is NON-CONFORMATIONAL. It binds when the tail fiber comes in contact with the LamB maltose transporters.

Front 45

Most viruses leave the capsid outside the cell, which ones do not?

Back 45

some ss DNA viruses completely enter the cell.

Front 46

Picorna Viraede

Back 46

Baltimore Classification 4, ss RNA (+) sense, + sense polarity, naked animal virus, don't all bind on the same receptors

Front 47

4 ways to differentiate virus receptors:

Back 47

1.) Protease digestion
2.) Direct competition
3.) mAB (monoclonal antibody)
4.) Transfection

Front 48

1.) Protease digestion
2.) Direct competition
3.) mAB (monoclonal antibody)
4.) Transfection

Back 48

1.) amino acid cutting, cleavage sites
2.) If virus use same receptor
3.) apoptosis, bind with B cells to make immortal cell
4.) recombinant gene with receptor gene